Microbiology with Diseases by Taxonomy Plus Mastering Microbiology with Pearson eText -- Access Card Package (5th Edition)
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780133948851
Author: Robert W. Bauman Ph.D.
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 7, Problem 1CCS
Clinical Case Study Deadly Horizontal Gene Transfer
Sarah might have been 85 years old, but her mind was still sharp; it was her body that was failing. After she broke her hip by falling in the bathroom, she had succumbed to a series of complications that ultimately required admittance to a large university-associated hospital in New York City. Treatment necessitated a urinary catheter, a feeding tube, and intensive antibiotic therapy. While hospitalized, she acquired a life-threatening urinary tract infection with multi-drug-resistant (MDR) Enterococcus faecium.
Enterococci are normal members of the microbiota of the colon, yet these Gram-positive bacteria have a propensity to acquire genes that convey resistance to antimicrobial drugs. As a result of such horizontal gene transfer, E. faecium has become an MDR bacterium- that is, a strain resistant to many different kinds of antimicrobials. Drug-resistant enterococci are a leading cause of healthcare-associated infections (nosocomial infections).
Physicians treated Sarah with a series of antimicrobial drugs, including metronidazole, penicillin, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, and vancomycin, but to no avail. After 90 days of hospitalization, she died.
- 1. Define healthcare-associated infection.
- 2. What is the likely source of Sarah’s infection?
- 3. List three ways by which E. faecium might have acquired genes for drug resistance.
- 4. How can hospital personnel prevent the spread of resistant E. faecium throughout the hospital?
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Chapter 7 Solutions
Microbiology with Diseases by Taxonomy Plus Mastering Microbiology with Pearson eText -- Access Card Package (5th Edition)
Ch. 7 - Which of the following is most likely the number...Ch. 7 - Which of the following is a true statement...Ch. 7 - Prob. 3MCCh. 7 - Prob. 4MCCh. 7 - Prob. 5MCCh. 7 - Prob. 6MCCh. 7 - Prob. 7MCCh. 7 - Prob. 8MCCh. 7 - Prob. 9MCCh. 7 - Prob. 10MC
Ch. 7 - Which of the following is not a mechanism of...Ch. 7 - Prob. 12MCCh. 7 - Prob. 13MCCh. 7 - Which of the following are called jumping genes?...Ch. 7 - Prob. 15MCCh. 7 - Prob. 16MCCh. 7 - Prob. 17MCCh. 7 - Prob. 18MCCh. 7 - Prob. 19MCCh. 7 - Prob. 20MCCh. 7 - Prob. 21MCCh. 7 - Prob. 22MCCh. 7 - Prob. 23MCCh. 7 - Prob. 24MCCh. 7 - The trp operon is repressible. This means it is...Ch. 7 - The three steps in RNA transcription are...Ch. 7 - Prob. 2FIBCh. 7 - Prob. 3FIBCh. 7 - Prob. 4FIBCh. 7 - An operon consists of ____________,...Ch. 7 - Prob. 6FIBCh. 7 - A daughter DNA molecule is composed of one...Ch. 7 - Prob. 8FIBCh. 7 - Prob. 9FIBCh. 7 - ____________ is a recombination event that occurs...Ch. 7 - Prob. 11FIBCh. 7 - Prob. 12FIBCh. 7 - Prob. 1SACh. 7 - Prob. 2SACh. 7 - Prob. 3SACh. 7 - Polypeptide synthesis requires large amounts of...Ch. 7 - Prob. 5SACh. 7 - Prob. 6SACh. 7 - Prob. 7SACh. 7 - Prob. 8SACh. 7 - Describe how DNA is packaged in both prokaryotes...Ch. 7 - Prob. 10SACh. 7 - Prob. 11SACh. 7 - Prob. 12SACh. 7 - On the figure below, label DNA polymerase I, DNA...Ch. 7 - Prob. 2VICh. 7 - Prob. 3VICh. 7 - If molecules of mRNA have the following nucleotide...Ch. 7 - A scientist uses a molecule of DNA composed of...Ch. 7 - Prob. 3CTCh. 7 - Prob. 4CTCh. 7 - Prob. 5CTCh. 7 - Suppose that the E. coli gene for the lac operon...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7CTCh. 7 - Prob. 8CTCh. 7 - Prob. 9CTCh. 7 - How can knowledge of nucleotide analogs be useful...Ch. 7 - The endosymbiotic theory states that mitochondria...Ch. 7 - Prob. 12CTCh. 7 - Prob. 13CTCh. 7 - Prob. 14CTCh. 7 - Prob. 15CTCh. 7 - What DNA nucleotide triplet codes for codon UGU?...Ch. 7 - Prob. 17CTCh. 7 - Prob. 1CMCh. 7 - DNA replication requires a large amount of energy,...Ch. 7 - In bacteria, polypeptide translation can begin...Ch. 7 - Prob. 3TMWCh. 7 - Prob. 4TMWCh. 7 - Clinical Case Study Deadly Horizontal Gene...Ch. 7 - Emerging Disease Case Study Vibrio Vulnificus...
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- HersheyChase Experiments The graph shown in FIGURE 8.5 is reproduced from an original 1952 publication by Hershey and Chase. Bacteriophage were labeled with radioactive tracers and allowed 10 infect bacteria. The virusbacteria mixtures were then whirled in a blender to dislodge any viral components attached to the exterior of the bacteria. Afterward, radioactivity from the tracers was measured. FIGURE 8.5 Detail of Alfred Hershey and Martha Chases 1952 publication describing their experiments with bacteriophage. Infected bacteria refers to the percentage of bacteria that survived the blender. After 4 minutes in the blender, what percentage of each isotope was extracellular?arrow_forwardHersheyChase Experiments The graph shown in FIGURE 8.5 is reproduced from an original 1952 publication by Hershey and Chase. Bacteriophage were labeled with radioactive tracers and allowed 10 infect bacteria. The virusbacteria mixtures were then whirled in a blender to dislodge any viral components attached to the exterior of the bacteria. Afterward, radioactivity from the tracers was measured. FIGURE 8.5 Detail of Alfred Hershey and Martha Chases 1952 publication describing their experiments with bacteriophage. Infected bacteria refers to the percentage of bacteria that survived the blender. The extracellular concentration of which isotope increased the most with blending?arrow_forwardHersheyChase Experiments The graph shown in FIGURE 8.5 is reproduced from an original 1952 publication by Hershey and Chase. Bacteriophage were labeled with radioactive tracers and allowed 10 infect bacteria. The virusbacteria mixtures were then whirled in a blender to dislodge any viral components attached to the exterior of the bacteria. Afterward, radioactivity from the tracers was measured. FIGURE 8.5 Detail of Alfred Hershey and Martha Chases 1952 publication describing their experiments with bacteriophage. Infected bacteria refers to the percentage of bacteria that survived the blender. Before blending what percentage of each isotope. 35S and 32P, was extracellular (outside the bacteria)?arrow_forward
- Information obtained by microscopic analysis of stained chromosomes is used in: radiation hybrid mapping sequence mapping RFLP mapping cytogenetic mappingarrow_forwardWhich statement is true of viroids? They are single-stranded RNA particles They reproduce only outside of the cell They produce proteins They affect both plants and animals.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is not associated with prions? Replicating shapes Mad cow disease DNA Toxic proteinsarrow_forward
- Genome for C. diphtheriae have about 2,500,000 nucleotides, 87% of them are coding. This ingle circular chromosome contains 2,389 genes from which 2,272 proteins are coded. It does not contain any plasmids. The genome contains Pathogenicity Islands (PAIs), which C. diphtheriae has 13. What is a PAI and what are their characteristics?arrow_forwardbiotechnology lab class :1. The bacterial streaking on antibiotic containing agar plates has been completed and the plates will be available for you to inspect in the lab class.2. You will complete a restriction enzyme digest on the four available plasmid stocks and then examine the products by agarose gel electrophoresis. Photographs of the gel are attached to identify the plasmid present in each analysed sample.Now consider the following questions :- For each of the four plasmids used in the practical, identify the size (in kb) of the linear DNA fragment(s) that you would expect to obtain if the EcoRI digest is complete.- Using the provided negative image of the gel, which shows the bands present in the ND and D samples for each plasmid, identify the plasmid that was present in each of the four plasmid stock.- Explain how you were able to identify plasmid in each sample using the gel, considering how linear DNA fragments of different length are separated by agarose gel…arrow_forward61. Plasmids used in recombinant DNA technology typically: (MARK ALL THAT APPLY) Group of answer choices None of these answers possess a gene for antibiotic resistance are circular double stranded molecules. replicate independently of the host genome. are covalently connected to the host genomic DNAarrow_forward
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