Microbiology with Diseases by Taxonomy Plus Mastering Microbiology with Pearson eText -- Access Card Package (5th Edition)
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780133948851
Author: Robert W. Bauman Ph.D.
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 7, Problem 13CT
Summary Introduction
To explain:
The reason for the fact that the accuracy of RNA transcription is not critical to the accuracy of
Concept introduction:
Gene is defined as the basic unit of heredity. It is basically a sequence of
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Which of the following DNA strands, the top or bottom, would serve as a template for RNA transcription if the DNA molecule were to unwind in the indicated direction?
5′ ACGGACTGTACCGCTGAAGTCATGGACGCTCGA 3′
3′ TGCCTGACATGGCGACTTCAGTACCTGCGAGCT 5′
⎯⎯⎯⎯→
Direction of DNA unwinding
What would be the resulting RNA sequence (written 5′→3′ )?
List two possible reasons why a mistake during the process of replication is more of a catastrophe than a mistake in the process of transcription. What mechanisms help to ensure the fidelity of the process of replication?
DNA polymerases are capable of editing and error correction, meaning it is able to edit and correct single base error so that the gene is not affected. However, RNA polymerase has a limited capacity for error correction. Given that a single base error in either replication or transcription can lead to error in protein synthesis, suggest a brief explanation for this difference in the capability of error correction between DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase.
Chapter 7 Solutions
Microbiology with Diseases by Taxonomy Plus Mastering Microbiology with Pearson eText -- Access Card Package (5th Edition)
Ch. 7 - Which of the following is most likely the number...Ch. 7 - Which of the following is a true statement...Ch. 7 - Prob. 3MCCh. 7 - Prob. 4MCCh. 7 - Prob. 5MCCh. 7 - Prob. 6MCCh. 7 - Prob. 7MCCh. 7 - Prob. 8MCCh. 7 - Prob. 9MCCh. 7 - Prob. 10MC
Ch. 7 - Which of the following is not a mechanism of...Ch. 7 - Prob. 12MCCh. 7 - Prob. 13MCCh. 7 - Which of the following are called jumping genes?...Ch. 7 - Prob. 15MCCh. 7 - Prob. 16MCCh. 7 - Prob. 17MCCh. 7 - Prob. 18MCCh. 7 - Prob. 19MCCh. 7 - Prob. 20MCCh. 7 - Prob. 21MCCh. 7 - Prob. 22MCCh. 7 - Prob. 23MCCh. 7 - Prob. 24MCCh. 7 - The trp operon is repressible. This means it is...Ch. 7 - The three steps in RNA transcription are...Ch. 7 - Prob. 2FIBCh. 7 - Prob. 3FIBCh. 7 - Prob. 4FIBCh. 7 - An operon consists of ____________,...Ch. 7 - Prob. 6FIBCh. 7 - A daughter DNA molecule is composed of one...Ch. 7 - Prob. 8FIBCh. 7 - Prob. 9FIBCh. 7 - ____________ is a recombination event that occurs...Ch. 7 - Prob. 11FIBCh. 7 - Prob. 12FIBCh. 7 - Prob. 1SACh. 7 - Prob. 2SACh. 7 - Prob. 3SACh. 7 - Polypeptide synthesis requires large amounts of...Ch. 7 - Prob. 5SACh. 7 - Prob. 6SACh. 7 - Prob. 7SACh. 7 - Prob. 8SACh. 7 - Describe how DNA is packaged in both prokaryotes...Ch. 7 - Prob. 10SACh. 7 - Prob. 11SACh. 7 - Prob. 12SACh. 7 - On the figure below, label DNA polymerase I, DNA...Ch. 7 - Prob. 2VICh. 7 - Prob. 3VICh. 7 - If molecules of mRNA have the following nucleotide...Ch. 7 - A scientist uses a molecule of DNA composed of...Ch. 7 - Prob. 3CTCh. 7 - Prob. 4CTCh. 7 - Prob. 5CTCh. 7 - Suppose that the E. coli gene for the lac operon...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7CTCh. 7 - Prob. 8CTCh. 7 - Prob. 9CTCh. 7 - How can knowledge of nucleotide analogs be useful...Ch. 7 - The endosymbiotic theory states that mitochondria...Ch. 7 - Prob. 12CTCh. 7 - Prob. 13CTCh. 7 - Prob. 14CTCh. 7 - Prob. 15CTCh. 7 - What DNA nucleotide triplet codes for codon UGU?...Ch. 7 - Prob. 17CTCh. 7 - Prob. 1CMCh. 7 - DNA replication requires a large amount of energy,...Ch. 7 - In bacteria, polypeptide translation can begin...Ch. 7 - Prob. 3TMWCh. 7 - Prob. 4TMWCh. 7 - Clinical Case Study Deadly Horizontal Gene...Ch. 7 - Emerging Disease Case Study Vibrio Vulnificus...
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- why DNA polymerase cannot remove all the RNA primers from Okazaki fragments to form a lagging strand. Explain.arrow_forwardFrom standpoint of replication and transcription, explain how RNA polymerase is allowed to incorporate the first nucleotide whereas DNA polymerase needs a primer. Explain how this difference impacts the process of replication and transcription.arrow_forwardWhich DNA repair systems you think might be capable of repairing a situation where T is in one strand and G is in the complementary strand? Explain dramatically.arrow_forward
- Deamination of adenine results in the formation of hypoxanthine. Hypoxanthine selectively base pairs with cytosine. If this error is not corrected, what base pair can the original A·T base pair be converted to after cycles of DNA replication?a) G·C b) C·G c) T·A d) A·Garrow_forwardSince RNA polymerase has an error rate of 1 / 10^4 nucleotides, and the DNA polymerase has an error rate of 1 / 10^7 nucleotides, can cells tolerate errors made in transcription in comparison to errors made during DNA replication?arrow_forwardCytosine can be deaminated to form Uracil What type of mutation is this classified as? Discuss what happens to the base-pairing properties from switching from C to U? When U is replicated in two rounds of synthesis, what substitution does this result in? Before Uracil alters the DNA during replication, what repair system can be used to correct this error? Describe how this type of DNA repair works?arrow_forward
- With regard to DNA replication, define the term bidirectional replication.arrow_forwardThe following sequence is a double stranded DNA. 5'ATTTGACAATGCGTTAGGCATGACTATGTATAATGCATGCCACATACT... 3' 3'TAAACTGTTACGCAATCCGTACTGATACATATTACGTACGGTGTATGA…5' -35 -10 +1 Where does RNA polymerase initially binds?arrow_forwardExplain in not more than 5 sentences. If deoxyribonucleotides that lack the 3’-OH groups are added during the replication process, what do you expect will occur?arrow_forward
- Once an RNA polymerase has initiated transcription, it will release the sigma factor or sigma subunits or bind other proteins known as elongation factors before it begin moving down the DNA template doing strand elongation. Briefly explain why this is necessary - why cant RNA polymerase + sigma factor do all of transcription?arrow_forwardBelow is the 5’–3’ strand of a double-stranded DNA molecule with the following nucleotide sequences:5’ C C T A T G C A G T G G C C A T A T T C C A A A G C A T A G C 3’ 1. If the above DNA strand is the template (antisense) strand and the DNA molecule is transcribed, what is the correct nucleotide sequence and direction of the RNA formed after transcription?arrow_forwardDuring DNA replication in E. coli, which enzyme forms the phosphodiester bond between an RNA primer and the first incoming deoxyribonucleotide for an Okazaki fragment on the lagging strand? topoisomerase DNA polymerase III DNA helicase DNA polymerase II DNA ligase Heterogeneous nuclear RNA is typically characterized by which of the following features? it is more common in prokaryotes than in eukaryotes it contains introns, but no exons it contains more exons than introns it contains exons, but no introns it contains more introns than exonsarrow_forward
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