Concept explainers
The genetic material (RNA or DNA) of an organism or cell is defined as the materials present in the mitochondria, nucleus, and cytoplasm. The genetic material plays an essential role in defining the nature and structure of the cell substances.
Explanation of Solution
An organism is any individual entity that embodies the properties of life. Organisms are classified by taxonomy into groups such as multicellular animals, plants, and fungi; or unicellular microorganisms such as bacteria, protists, and archaea. Eukaryotes are either single-celled or multicellular, while prokaryotes are single-celled organisms.
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a molecule composed of two polynucleotide chains. It coils around each other to form a double helix carrying genetic instructions for functioning, development, growth, and reproduction of all known organisms.
The difference between basic genetic structures of DNA between organisms are as follows:
DNA in eukaryotes | DNA in prokaryotes |
Eukaryotes such as plants and animals have chromosomes that contain linear and large molecules of DNA. |
Prokaryotes such as Escherichia coli consists of a single circular molecule of DNA. |
The DNA in eukaryotes is found inside the nucleus. | The DNA in prokaryotes is found in a coiled loop floating in the cytoplasm. |
The size of DNA in eukaryotes is high, generally more than 1pg. | The size of DNA in prokaryotes is less than 0.1 pg. |
More than one copy of the genome is present in the DNA of eukaryotes. | In prokaryotes, the DNA contains one copy of the genome. |
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a
The difference between basic genetic structures of RNA between organisms are as follows:
RNA in eukaryotes | RNA in prokaryotes |
The messenger RNA of the eukaryote is monocistronic. | The messenger RNA of a prokaryote is polycistronic. |
The eukaryotic mRNA consists of a single gene transcribed into molecules of mRNA. | In prokaryotic mRNA, several structural genes of an operon are transcribed into a single mRNA. |
Eukaryotic mRNA consists of both 5' cap and 3' tail. | Prokaryotic mRNA does not consist of a 5' cap and 3' tail. |
The size of ribosomal RNA present in eukaryotic cells is the 80S. | The size of ribosomal RNA present in the prokaryotic cells is the 70S. |
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Chapter 7 Solutions
Microbiology for Surgical Technologists (MindTap Course List)
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