Concept explainers
Correct any incorrect equations. If no reaction occurs, write NO REACTION.
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- Consider the following generic equation: H+(aq)+ B(aq)HB(aq)For which of the following pairs would this be the correct prototype equation for the acid-base reaction in solution? If it is not correct, write the proper equation for the acid-base reaction between the pair. (a) nitric acid and calcium hydroxide (b) hydrochloric acid and CH3NH2 (c) hydrobromic acid and aqueous ammonia (d) perchloric acid and barium hydroxide (e) sodium hydroxide and nitrous acidarrow_forwardWhat is meant by a strong base? Are the strong bases also strong electrolytes? Explain.arrow_forwardCitric acid, which can be obtained from lemon juice, has the molecular formula C6H8O7. A 0.250-g sample of citric acid dissolved in 25.0 mL of water requires 37.2 mL of 0.105 M NaOH for complete neutralization. What number of acidic hydrogens per molecule does citric acid have?arrow_forward
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- The Behavior of Substances in Water Part 1: a Ammonia, NH3, is a weak electrolyte. It forms ions in solution by reacting with water molecules to form the ammonium ion and hydroxide ion. Write the balanced chemical reaction for this process, including state symbols. b From everyday experience you are probably aware that table sugar (sucrose), C12H22O11, is soluble in water. When sucrose dissolves in water, it doesnt form ions through any reaction with water. It just dissolves without forming ions, so it is a nonelectrolyte. Write the chemical equation for the dissolving of sucrose in water. c Both NH3 and C12H22O11 are soluble molecular compounds, yet they behave differently in aqueous solution. Briefly explain why one is a weak electrolyte and the other is a nonelectrolyte. d Hydrochloric acid, HCl, is a molecular compound that is a strong electrolyte. Write the chemical reaction of HCl with water. e Compare the ammonia reaction with that of hydrochloric acid. Why are both of these substances considered electrolytes? f Explain why HCl is a strong electrolyte and ammonia is a weak electrolyte. g Classify each of the following substances as either ionic or molecular. KCl NH3 CO2 MgBr2 HCl Ca(OH)2 PbS HC2H3O2 h For those compounds above that you classified as ionic, use the solubility rules to determine which are soluble. i The majority of ionic substances are solids at room temperature. Describe what you would observe if you placed a soluble ionic compound and an insoluble ionic compound in separate beakers of water. j Write the chemical equation(s), including state symbols, for what happens when each soluble ionic compound that you identified above is placed in water. Are these substances reacting with water when they are added to water? k How would you classify the soluble ionic compounds: strong electrolyte, weak electrolyte, or nonelectrolyte? Explain your answer. l Sodium chloride, NaCl, is a strong electrolyte, as is hydroiodic acid, HI. Write the chemical equations for what happens when these substances are added to water. m Are NaCl and HI strong electrolytes because they have similar behavior in aqueous solution? If not, describe, using words and equations, the different chemical process that takes place in each case. Part 2: You have two hypothetical molecular compounds, AX and AY. AX is a strong electrolyte and AY is a weak electrolyte. The compounds undergo the following chemical reactions when added to water. AX(aq)+H2O(l)AH2O+(aq)+X(aq)AY(aq)+H2O(l)AH2O+(aq)+Y(aq) a Explain how the relative amounts of AX(aq) and AY(aq) would compare if you had a beaker of water with AX and a beaker of water with AY. b How would the relative amounts of X(aq) and Y(aq) in the two beakers compare? Be sure to explain your answer.arrow_forwardWhat volume of 0.250 M HCI is required to neutralize each of the following solutions? a. 25.0 mL of 0.103 M sodium hydroxide, NaOH b. 50.0 mL of 0.00501 M calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2 c. 20.0 mL of 0.226 M ammonia, NH3 d. 15.0 mL of 0.0991 M potassium hydroxide, KOHarrow_forwardThe exposed electrodes of a light bulb are placed in a solution of H2SO4 in an electrical circuit such that the light bulb is glowing. You add a dilute salt solution, and the bulb dims. Which of the following could be the salt in the solution? a. Ba(NO3)2 b. NaNO3 c. K2SO4 d. Ca(NO3)2 Justify your choices. For those you did not choose, explain why they are incorrect.arrow_forward
- A 2.20-g sample of an unknown acid (empirical formula = C3H4O3) is dissolved in 1.0 L of water. A titration required 25.0 mL of 0.500 M NaOH to react completely with all the acid present. Assuming the unknown acid has one acidic proton per molecule, what is the molecular formula of the unknown acid?arrow_forwardOne method for determining the purity of aspirin (C9H8O4) is to hydrolyze it with NaOH solution and then to titrate the remaining NaOH. The reaction of aspirin with NaOH is as follows: A sample of aspirin with a mass of 1.427 g was boiled in 50.00 mL of 0.500 M NaOH. After the solution was cooled, it took 31.92 mL of 0.289 M HCl to titrate the excess NaOH. Calculate the purity of the aspirin. What indicator should be used for this titration? Why?arrow_forwardA noncarbonated soft drink contains an unknown amount of citric acid, H3C6H5O7. lf 100. mL of the soft drink requires 33.51 mL of 0.0102 M NaOH to neutralize the citric add completely, what mass of citric acid does the soft drink contain per 100. mL? The reaction of citric acid and NaOH is H3C6H5O7(aq) + 3 NaOH(aq) Na3C6H5O7(aq) + 3 H2O()arrow_forward
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