Explanation Breathing with inhalation of air causes the expansion of rib-cage and contraction of rib muscles. The volume of the cavity of chest increases with the decreases in the pressure of air inside the lungs. The exhalation of air causes the rib cage to get smaller and relaxation of rib muscles. The volume of chest cavity decreases causing an increase of pressure inside the lungs causing the air to move out of lungs. Formula used: Boyle’s law at constant temperature states that: P 1 V 1 = P 2 V 2 . Here, P 1 is the initial pressure P 2 is the final pressure V 1 is the initial volume V 2 is the finalvolume Given information: For every 10m below the water surface, the pressure of water adds the value 14 .7 psi (pound-force per square inch) to the atmospheric pressure. So, total pressure is 29 .4 psi, and the lung volume of swimmer 6L

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Question

Chapter 7, Problem 7.14PP

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The volume of lungs of swimmer at a further depth of 5m in the swimming pool.

Introduction:

Boyle’s law states that at a constant temperature, pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to the volume of the gas.

The volume of gas increases inside the lungs during inhalation and decreases during exhalation.

Expert Solution & Answer

Chapter 7 Solutions

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A study of climbers who reached the summit of Mount Everest without supplemental oxygen showed that the partial pressures of O2 and CO2 in their lungs were 35 mm Mg and 7.5 mm Hg, respectively. The barometric pressure at the summit was 253 mm Hg. Assume the lung gases are saturated with moisture at a body temperature of 37 C [which means the partial pressure of water vapor in the lungs is P(H2O) = 47.1 mm Hg]. If you assume the lung gases consist of only O2, N2, CO2, and H2O, what is the partial pressure of N2?
A sample of carbon monoxide was collected over water at a total pressure of 756 torr and a temperature of 18 °C. What is the pressure of the carbon monoxide? (See Table 9.2 for the vapor pressure of water.)
5-111 Diving, particularly SCUBA (Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus) diving, subjects the body to increased pressure. Each 10. m (approximately 33 ft) of water exerts an additional pressure of 1 atm on the body. (a) What is the pressure on the body at a depth of 100. ft? (b) The partial pressure of nitrogen gas in air at 1 atm is 593 mm Hg. Assuming a SCUBA diver breathes compressed air, what is the partial pressure of nitrogen entering the lungs from a breathing tank at a depth of 100. ft? (c) The partial pressure of oxygen gas in the air at 2 atm is 158 mm Hg. What is the partial pressure of oxygen in the air in the lungs at a depth of 100. ft? (d) Why is it absolutely essential to exhale vigorously in a rapid ascent from a depth of 100. ft?

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