Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: The change that occurs to the rate of an
Concept introduction: The replacement or substitution of one functional group with another different functional group in any
Answer to Problem 7.18P
The
Explanation of Solution
The rate of
The rate of
According the given statement, the concentration of
Therefore, the rate of the reaction increases by three times when the concentration of
The rate of the reaction increases by three times when the concentration of
(b)
Interpretation: The change that occurs to the rate of an
Concept introduction: The replacement or substitution of one functional group with another different functional group in any chemical reaction is termed as substitution reaction. The electron rich chemical species that contains negative charge or lone pair of electrons are known as a nucleophile. In a nucleophilic substitution reaction, nucleophile takes the position of leaving group by attacking the electron deficient carbon atom.
Answer to Problem 7.18P
The rate of the reaction increases by nine times when the concentration of both
Explanation of Solution
The rate of
The rate of
According the given statement, the concentration of both
Therefore, the rate of the reaction increases by nine times when the concentration of both
The rate of the reaction increases by nine times when the concentration of both
(c)
Interpretation: The change that occurs to the rate of an
Concept introduction: The replacement or substitution of one functional group with another different functional group in any chemical reaction is termed as substitution reaction. The electron rich chemical species that contains negative charge or lone pair of electrons are known as a nucleophile. In a nucleophilic substitution reaction, nucleophile takes the position of leaving group by attacking the electron deficient carbon atom.
Answer to Problem 7.18P
The rate of the reaction decreases by half when the concentration of
Explanation of Solution
The rate of
The rate of
According the given statement, the concentration of both
Therefore, the rate of the reaction decreases by half when the concentration of
The rate of the reaction decreases by half when the concentration of
(d)
Interpretation: The change that occurs to the rate of an
Concept introduction: The replacement or substitution of one functional group with another different functional group in any chemical reaction is termed as substitution reaction. The electron rich chemical species that contains negative charge or lone pair of electrons are known as a nucleophile. In a nucleophilic substitution reaction, nucleophile takes the position of leaving group by attacking the electron deficient carbon atom.
Answer to Problem 7.18P
The rate of the reaction remains unchanged when the concentration of
Explanation of Solution
The rate of
The rate of
According the given statement, the concentration of both
Therefore, the rate of the reaction remains unchanged when the concentration of
The rate of the reaction remains unchanged when the concentration of
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Chapter 7 Solutions
ORGANIC CHEM CONNECT ACCESS CARD
- The following is a concerted, bimolecular reaction: CH3Br + NaCN ->CH3CN + NaBr.a. What is the rate equation for this reaction?b. What happens to the rate of the reaction if [CH3Br] is doubled?c. What happens to the rate of the reaction if [NaCN] is halved?d. What happens to the rate of the reaction if [CH3Br] and [NaCN] are both increased by a factor of five?arrow_forwardFor 10.29, the trans product (major product) and the cis product (third product) are displayed as possible E2 products. However, for 10.30, only the trans product (major product) is shown. How come the cis product is not needed?arrow_forwardDraw an energy diagram for the SN2 reaction on the previous page. Your reaction coordinate diagram should: Include structures of starting materials, products, and transition states at correct relative energies. Indicate the activation energy of the rate determining step and whether the reaction is endothermic or exothermic. What makes this reaction endothermic or exothermic?arrow_forward
- Consider the energy diagram in Figure 6. Select the correct statements. * A- This reaction proceeds through a mechanism with three transition states. B- Step 1 determines the rate of the overall reaction. C- The first reactive intermediate is more stable than the second reactive intermediate. D- This reaction proceeds through a mechanism that has three elementary steps. E- The overall reaction is endothermicarrow_forwardDraw an energy diagram for each reaction. Label the axes, the starting material, product, transition state, ?H°, and Ea.a. a concerted reaction with ?H° = –80 kJ/mol and Ea = 16 kJ/molb. a two-step reaction, A -> B ->C, in which the relative energy of the compounds is A < C < B, and the step A -> B is rate-determining.arrow_forwardDraw an energy diagram for each reaction. Label the axes, the starting material, product, transition state, ΔH°, and Ea. a. a concerted reaction with ΔH° = –80 kJ/mol and Ea = 16 kJ/mol b. a two-step reaction, A → B → C, in which the relative energy of the compounds is A < C < B, and the step A → B is rate-determiningarrow_forward
- Draw an energy diagram for each reaction. Label the axes, the startingmaterial, product, transition state, ΔHo, and Ea.a.) a concerted reaction with ΔHo = −80 kJ/mol and Ea = 16 kJ/molb.) a two-step reaction, A → B → C, in which the relative energy of thecompounds is A < C < B, and the step A → B is rate-determiningarrow_forward10 What is the rate of reaction when the transition state free energy is 22.84 kJ/mol? What is the rate of reaction when the transition state free energy is 142 kJ/mol? SHOW YOUR WORK.arrow_forwardClassify this reaction. CdSO4 +K2S --> K2SO4 +CdSarrow_forward
- a. Draw an energy diagram for this reaction. be sure to label axes, starting materials, any reactive intermediates and products.b. Draw the transition state of this reaction. If an atom has a positive charge indicate it with sigma+/-.arrow_forwardIn an SN2 mechanism, how does it work, what are all of the steps, transition state and all final products?arrow_forwardDoes increasing the energy barrier for an SN2 reaction increase or decrease the magnitude of the rate constant for the reactionarrow_forward
- Organic Chemistry: A Guided InquiryChemistryISBN:9780618974122Author:Andrei StraumanisPublisher:Cengage Learning