(a)
Interpretation:
The enthalpy for the conversion of oxygen to ozone is whether exothermic or endothermic is to be determined.
Concept Introduction:
Enthalpy
The value of heat formed in a reaction
If the value obtained for
(b)
Interpretation:
At equilibrium the conversion of oxygen to ozone is whether reaction or product favored is to be determined.
Concept Introduction:
Equilibrium constant: It is the ratio of products to reactants has a constant value when the reaction is in equilibrium at a certain temperature. And it is represented by the letter K.
For a reaction,
The equilibrium constant is,
Where,
a, b, c and d are the
If
(c)
Interpretation:
The effect on the equilibrium of each given changes in the conversion of oxygen to ozone is to be determined.
Concept Introduction:
Enthalpy
If the value obtained for
Le Chatelier’s principle: If an equilibrium is disturbed by changing conditions, the system will moves the equilibrium to reverse the change.
Factor’s that effect chemical equilibria:
- Concentration – Equilibrium will be affected by changing the concentration of reactant or product. If we increase the concentration of reactant system will try to reverse the change by favouring forward reaction and thus increase the concentration of products. Likewise adding products increase yield of reactants.
- Temperature – When the temperature increases equilibrium will shift in the endothermic direction, in the direction that absorbs heat. When the temperature decreases equilibrium will shift in the exothermic direction, in the direction that releases heat.
- Pressure – If the reaction consists of only liquid and solid reactants and products, pressure has no effect in the equilibrium.
In gas reactions if the number of moles has no change then there will be no effect by pressure on equilibrium.
If pressure increases then equilibrium will shift to the direction having less number of molecules and if pressure decreases system will shift to the direction having more number of molecules.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 7 Solutions
EBK FUNDAMENTALS OF GENERAL, ORGANIC, A
- Calculate ΔG° (answer in kJ/mol) for each of the following reactions from the equilibrium constant at the temperature given. (d)CoO(s)+CO(g)⇌Co(s)+CO2(g) T=550°C Kp=4.90×102 (e)CH3NH2(aq)+H2O(l)⟶CH3NH3+(aq)+OH−(aq) T=25°C Kp=4.4×10−4 (f)PbI2(s)⟶Pb2+(aq)+2I−(aq) T=25°C Kp=8.7×10arrow_forwardA) Calculate the Gibbs free energy change for the following reaction: Fructose diphosphate If the reaction is performed at 27°C and AH is 1,246 calories and AS is 4 calories/K. Is this a spontaneous or non-spontaneous reaction. Why? Is the reaction endergonic or exergonic? DHAP+ Glyceraldehyde phosphatearrow_forwardThe equilibrium constant for the reaction Q → R is 25. Solve, (a) If 50 μM of Q is mixed with 50 μM of R, which way will the reaction proceed to generate more Q or more R? (b) Calculate the equilibrium concentrations of Q and R.arrow_forward
- A certain first order reaction has the rate law Rate = k[A] with k=0.0068 sec-1. If the initial concentration of A is 0.75 M, what will be the concentration of A after 1 minute? What is the half-life for this reaction? How much time will it take for 75% of A to react? How much A will be left after the passage of three half-lives? What is the initial rate of the reaction?arrow_forwardCalculate the equilibrium constant for the reaction glucose-1-phosphate + H2O → glucose + H2PO4− at pH 7.0 and 25°C (ΔG°′ = −20.9 kJ · mol−1).arrow_forwardThe formation constants at 25°C for Fe(CN)4-6 and Fe(EDTA)2– are 1.00 x 1037 and 2.10 x 1014, respectively. Answer the questions below. 1) Calculate K under standard conditions for the reaction Fe(EDTA)2−(aq) + 6CN−(aq) ----> Fe(CN)4−6(aq) + EDTA4−(aq) 2) Calculate ΔG° for the reaction. (kJ/mol)arrow_forward
- Consider the reaction A + 2B ----> C. If the molar mass of C is twice the molar mass of A, what mass of C is produced by the complete reaction of 10.0 g A?(a) 10.0 g(b) 30.0 g(c) 60.0 garrow_forwardA monoprotic weak acid, HA, dissociates in water according to the reaction HA(aq) = H+ (aq) + A¯(aq) The equilibrium concentrations of the reactants and products are [HA] = 0.220 M, [H+] = 3.00 × 10−4 M, and [A¯] = 3.00 × 10−4 M. Calculate the value of pKa for the acid HA. pKa =arrow_forwardFor the series of reactions below, what is the overall reaction and the value of ∆Go’(kJ/mol) for this set of reactions? Is the reaction spontaneous? (1) 2 Pi+ H2O ➔Pyrophosphate+ H2O (with 5 mM Mg2+) (2) (Mg)Pyrophosphate + AMP ➔(Mg)ATP (3) (Mg)ATP + creatine ➔creatine-phosphate + (Mg)ADParrow_forward
- At 298 K the standard enthalpy of combustion of sucrose is −5797 kJ mol−1 and the standard Gibbs energy of the reaction is −6333 kJ mol−1. Estimate the additional non-expansion work that may be obtained by raising the temperature to blood temperature, 37 °C.arrow_forwardThe following questions are based on the reaction A+ B ↔ C+D shown in Figure 8.1. 1. Which of the following terms best describes the progress of the reaction with respect to free energy change? a) endergonic, ∆G> 0 b) exergonic, ∆G> 0 c) exergonic, ∆G< 0 d) endergonic, ∆G< 0 2. Which of the following in Figure 8.1 remains unchanged by having an enzyme included? a) b b) d c) a d) c 3. The part labeled “C” on the above graph represents a) Energy of activation without enzyme b) Energy of activation with enzyme c) Amount of free energy released d) amount of energy required for the reaction progressarrow_forwardCalculate the standard free energy change (ΔG°′) for the following reaction: ½ O2 + FADH2 → H2O + FADarrow_forward
- BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781319114671Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.Publisher:W. H. FreemanLehninger Principles of BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781464126116Author:David L. Nelson, Michael M. CoxPublisher:W. H. FreemanFundamentals of Biochemistry: Life at the Molecul...BiochemistryISBN:9781118918401Author:Donald Voet, Judith G. Voet, Charlotte W. PrattPublisher:WILEY
- BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781305961135Author:Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Owen M. McDougalPublisher:Cengage LearningBiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781305577206Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. GrishamPublisher:Cengage LearningFundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological ...BiochemistryISBN:9780134015187Author:John E. McMurry, David S. Ballantine, Carl A. Hoeger, Virginia E. PetersonPublisher:PEARSON