EBK PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
2nd Edition
ISBN: 8220100477560
Author: Ball
Publisher: Cengage Learning US
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Question
Chapter 7, Problem 7.60E
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The phase diagram for the
Concept introduction:
Eutectic mixtures are the mixtures of two or more substances which combine to give a new substance. The properties of the eutectic mixture are entirely different from its components. Phase diagrams are used to study the formation of eutectic mixtures with the change in temperature and composition of the components.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Define eutectic point. For a binary ( two.component ) mixture of solid organic compounds
Topic: Solution Thermodynamics
PROVIDE HANDWRITTEN SOLUTION AND PROVIDE ASSUMPTIONS (IF
NEEDED) FOR THE GIVEN MIXTURE.
Given a liquid mixture of different components and their compositions:
C₂H5OH = 0.15 ; H₂O = 0.75 ; C18H32O16 = 0.1
If the given mixture above is heated to 353.15 Kelvin, determine the
vapor concentration that can be obtained.
The table below shows temperature/composition data collected for a mixture of methylbenzene (M) and octane (O) at 1 atm. Recall that x stands for the mole fraction in the liquid and y stands for the mole fraction in the vapor in equilibrium. The boiling points for methylbenzene (M) and octane (O) are 110.60C and 125.60C, respectively. Construct the phase diagram with Temperature vs. xM. What is the composition of the vapor in equilibrium with the liquid of composition (a) xM = 0.250 and (b) xO = 0.250.
T (0C)
110.9
112.0
114.0
115.8
117.3
119.0
121.1
123.0
xM
0.908
0.795
0.615
0.527
0.408
0.300
0.203
0.097
yM
0.923
0.836
0.698
0.624
0.527
0.410
0.297
0.164
Chapter 7 Solutions
EBK PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.1ECh. 7 - Prob. 7.2ECh. 7 - Prob. 7.3ECh. 7 - Prob. 7.4ECh. 7 - 7.5. For this chemical equilibrium in an enclosed...Ch. 7 - 7.6. The production of nitrogen gas for automobile...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.7ECh. 7 - Prob. 7.8ECh. 7 - 7.9. For a solution of and in which , what are...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.10E
Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.11ECh. 7 - Prob. 7.12ECh. 7 - Prob. 7.13ECh. 7 - 7.14. Determine the total equilibrium pressure of...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.15ECh. 7 - 7.16. Many police departments use breath tests to...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.17ECh. 7 - 7.18. The vapor pressures of pure liquid A and...Ch. 7 - 7.19. At , the vapor pressure of pure ethanol, ,...Ch. 7 - 7.20. A solution of methanol () and ethanol () has...Ch. 7 - 7.21. At , the vapor pressure of pure ethanol, ,...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.22ECh. 7 - Prob. 7.23ECh. 7 - Prob. 7.24ECh. 7 - Prob. 7.25ECh. 7 - Prob. 7.26ECh. 7 - Prob. 7.27ECh. 7 - Prob. 7.28ECh. 7 - What are mixG and mixS for the combination of...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.30ECh. 7 - Prob. 7.31ECh. 7 - Prob. 7.32ECh. 7 - Prob. 7.33ECh. 7 - Prob. 7.34ECh. 7 - Prob. 7.35ECh. 7 - Prob. 7.36ECh. 7 - Prob. 7.37ECh. 7 - Prob. 7.38ECh. 7 - Convert the units of Henrys law constant for CO2,...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.40ECh. 7 - Prob. 7.41ECh. 7 - Prob. 7.42ECh. 7 - 7.43. The Henry’s law constant for methyl...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.44ECh. 7 - 7.45. At , the mole fraction of air in water is...Ch. 7 - 7.45. At , the mole fraction of nitrogen, , in...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.47ECh. 7 - 7.48. Nitrogen narcosis begins to affect scuba...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.49ECh. 7 - 7.50. What is the approximate molarity of a...Ch. 7 - 7.51. Calculate the solubility of phenol, , in...Ch. 7 - a Convert the calculated mole fraction of...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.53ECh. 7 - Consider the following solutions: Sodium chloride...Ch. 7 - Determine how ideal the following solutions are by...Ch. 7 - Iron metal has a fusH value of 14.9kJ/mol and is...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.57ECh. 7 - 7.58. Do communities that use salt in the winter...Ch. 7 - 7.59. Starting from in figure in the liquid...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.60ECh. 7 - Prob. 7.61ECh. 7 - Estimate the solubility of Na in Hg at 0C. The...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.63ECh. 7 - Prob. 7.64ECh. 7 - Explain how the unit molarity automatically...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.66ECh. 7 - The vapor pressure of isopropanol is 47.0mmHg at...Ch. 7 - A sample of 25.0g of solid anthracene is dissolved...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.69ECh. 7 - A technician dissolves 12.00g of a nonvolatile...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.71ECh. 7 - Estimate the osmotic pressure, freezing point, and...Ch. 7 - In February 2006, a pharmacy technician...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.74ECh. 7 - Calculate the freezing point depression of mercury...Ch. 7 - Glacial acetic acid has a melting point of 16.0C...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.77ECh. 7 - Prob. 7.78ECh. 7 - Use the system in exercise 7.62 to calculate the...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.80ECh. 7 - Prob. 7.81ECh. 7 - Prob. 7.82ECh. 7 - Prob. 7.83ECh. 7 - Prob. 7.84ECh. 7 - Prob. 7.85ECh. 7 - Determine osmotic pressures for each solution...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.87ECh. 7 - The vapor pressures of benzene and and 1,1...Ch. 7 - Prob. 7.89ECh. 7 - Tabulate the solubility of naphthalene in toluene...
Knowledge Booster
Similar questions
- Sketch the solid-liquid phase diagram of 2,6-xylenol and tert-butanol. Pure tert-butanol has a melting point of 297 K and pure t-butanol has a melting point of 318 K. The lowest melting point of the solid without changing composition is 252 K and occurs when the mole fraction of t-butanol is 0.75.arrow_forwardThe liquid-vapour equilibrium diagram of the binary water (H2O)-nitric acid (HNO3) under standard pressure is shown in the appendix. The mass fraction of HNO3 is plotted on the x-axis and the temperature on the y- axis. The analysis of a sample of the mixture obtained during the industrial preparation of nitric acid gives a total mass for this sample of 80 g and a mass of 60 g of water. a) Calculate the mass fraction of nitric acid in the mixture.arrow_forwardWrite the ions present in solution of Sn(NO2)4.Express your answers as chemical formulas separated by a comma (NO spaces!).Identify all of the phases in your answer (e.g. NO3-(aq),Cu2+(aq) ) ---------- Write the ions present in solution of NaHCO3.Express your answers as chemical formulas separated by a comma (NO spaces!).Identify all of the phases in your answer (e.g. NO3-(aq),Cu2+(aq) ) ---------- Even salts that are classified as "insoluble" according to the solubility rules will dissolve a small amount in water. Write the ions present in solution of CaSO4.Express your answers as chemical formulas separated by a comma (NO spaces!).Identify all of the phases in your answer (e.g. NO3-(aq),Cu2+(aq) )arrow_forward
- Construct the hypothetical phase diagram for metals A and B between temperatures of 600°C and 1000°C given the following information:● The melting temperature of metal A is 940°C.● The solubility of B in A is negligible at all temperatures.● The melting temperature of metal B is 830°C.● The maximum solubility of A in B is 12 wt% A, which occurs at 700°C.● At 600°C, the solubility of A in B is 8 wt% A.● One eutectic occurs at 700°C and 75 wt% B–25 wt% A.● A second eutectic occurs at 730°C and 60 wt% B–40 wt% A.● A third eutectic occurs at 755°C and 40 wt% B–60 wt% A.● One congruent melting point occurs at 780°C and 51 wt% B–49 wt% A.arrow_forwardPure naphthalene melts at 80 °C. Pure I-naphthol melts at 123°C. All mixtures of these two components show a single peak when heated and a 50 mol% mixture shows a single broad peak around 100 °C. What type of phase diagram does this suggest? Draw a hypothetical example of this type of phase diagram.arrow_forwardDescribe a binary eutectic diagram and show all phase regions with all the relevant information for each.arrow_forward
- At 90°C, the vapor pressure of methylbenzene is 53.3 kPa and that of 1,2-dimethylbenzene is 20.0 kPa. What is the composition of a liquid mixture that boils at 90°C when the pressure is 0.50 atm? What is the composition of the vapor produced?arrow_forwardWhich of the following refers to a composition in which its components cannot be separated by distillation? Ideal Azeotropic Eutectic Partially Miscible Binary mixturearrow_forward5C. 2(b) Sketch the phase diagram of the system of NH/NH, given that the two substances do not form a compound; NH, freezes at -78 °C; N₂H, freezes at 2 °C; a eutectic is formed when the mole fraction of N H is 0.07; and the eutectic melts at -80 °C.arrow_forward
- Two liquids, A and B, show partial miscibility below 52.4 °C. The critical concentration at the upper critical temperature is x = 0.459, where x is the mole fraction of A. At 40.0 °C the two solutions in equilibrium havex = 0.22 and x = 0.60, respectively, and at 42.5 °C the mole fractions are 0.24 and 0.48. Sketch the phase diagram. Describe the phase changes that occur when B is added to a fixed amount of A at (i) 48 °C, (ii) 52.4 °C.arrow_forwardRefer to the ternary phase diagram in Fig. 5E.4. How many phases are present, and what are their compositions and relative abundances, in a mixture that contains 55.0 g of water, 8.8 g of trichloromethane, and 3.7 g of ethanoic acid? Describe what happens when (i) water, (ii) ethanoic acid is added to the mixture.arrow_forwardWhat is w when 1.83 kg of H20(1), initially at 25.0 °C, is converted into water vapour at 185 °C against a constant external pressure of 1.00 atm? Assume that the vapour behaves ideally and that the density of liquid water is 1.00 g/ml (Remember to include a+or-sign as appropriate.) Enter your answer in acceptable SI units, accurate to 3. significant figures. Use an acceptable Sl symbol for units.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage Learning
ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781259911156Author:Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby ProfessorPublisher:McGraw-Hill Education
Principles of Instrumental AnalysisChemistryISBN:9781305577213Author:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. CrouchPublisher:Cengage Learning
Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9780078021558Author:Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.Publisher:McGraw-Hill Education
Chemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage Learning
Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind...ChemistryISBN:9781118431221Author:Richard M. Felder, Ronald W. Rousseau, Lisa G. BullardPublisher:WILEY
Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781259911156
Author:Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby Professor
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Education
Principles of Instrumental Analysis
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305577213
Author:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. Crouch
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Organic Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9780078021558
Author:Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Education
Chemistry: Principles and Reactions
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305079373
Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. Hurley
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind...
Chemistry
ISBN:9781118431221
Author:Richard M. Felder, Ronald W. Rousseau, Lisa G. Bullard
Publisher:WILEY