(a)
Interpretation: The product of given two-step sequence is to be drawn.
Concept introduction: The replacement or substitution of one
(b)
Interpretation: The product of given two-step sequence is to be drawn.
Concept introduction: The replacement or substitution of one functional group with another different functional group in any chemical reaction is termed as substitution reaction. The electron rich chemical species that contains negative charge or lone pair of electrons are known as a nucleophile. In a nucleophilic substitution reaction, nucleophile takes the position of leaving group by attacking the electron deficient carbon atom.
(c)
Interpretation: The product of given two-step sequence is to be drawn.
Concept introduction: The replacement or substitution of one functional group with another different functional group in any chemical reaction is termed as substitution reaction. The electron rich chemical species that contains negative charge or lone pair of electrons are known as a nucleophile. In a nucleophilic substitution reaction, nucleophile takes the position of leaving group by attacking the electron deficient carbon atom.
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ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- Acyl transfer (nucleophilic substitution at carbonyl) reactions proceed in two stages via a "tetrahedral intermediate." Draw the tetrahedral intermediate as it is first formed in the following reaction. CH3OH H3C CI • • • • You do not have to consider stereochemistry. Include all valence lone pairs in your answer. Do not include counter-ions, e.g., Na+, I", in your answer. In cases where there is more than one answer, just draw one.arrow_forward2. Draw the structures and explain why CH3CH₂O and CH3CO₂ are good nucleophiles but CH3SO3, water, and alcohols (R-OH) are poor nucleophiles. Propose a 'cutoff' for the amount of negative charge needed to be a good nucleophile. CH3CH₂O CH3CO₂ CH3SO3 H₂O CH₂OHarrow_forwardQ4. Alkyl halides are good at doing substitution (SN2/SN1) and elimination (E1/E2) reactions because the halide (X-) is a good LG. Alcohols on the other hand are not suitable for these reactions since hydroxide (¯OH) is a poor LG. However, an OH can be converted into a OTs (tosyl group) by reacting an alcohol with TsCl in presence of a base. An OTs is a good LG, and this allows us to indirectly (via OTs) use alcohols in substitution (SN2/SN1) and elimination (E1/E2) reactions. (4) OH TsCl NEt3 OTS Tosyl ester NaCN DMSO + HNEt3 Determine the major/minor products CH3OH heat OTS Tosyl ester TsCl = NaOCH3 CH3OH DBU Ś=0 CIarrow_forward
- Determine whether the following reaction is an example of a nucleophilic substitution reaction: O" Molecule A + NO₂ Molecule B NO₂ + Harrow_forwardAcyl transfer (nucleophilic substitution at carbonyl) reactions proceed in two stages via a "tetrahedral intermediate." Draw the tetrahedral intermediate as it is first formed in the following reaction. You do not have to consider stereochemistry. Include all valence lone pairs in your answer. Do not include counter-ions, e.g., Na+, I-, in your answer. In cases where there is more than one answer, just draw one.arrow_forwardThis reaction does not follow the expected theory. Given what you know about substitution/elimination, what is the expected mechanism this reaction should follow? Suggest why that is not what happens and give the actual product of the reaction. Br ткон sarrow_forward
- 3. Draw the systematic reaction mechanism for between the reaction of isoamyl alcohol and acetic acid. What are the products? What is the functional group of the major product? Does it have a scent? If so, what is the scent smells like?4. Charlie and Daniel wanted to make a drink containing 6.9% ethanol in the laboratory. However, there are three unlabelled reagent bottles that may contain these chemicals: ethanol, cyclohexane, and water. Devise a systematic flow chart to identify the ethanol and water in these three unlabelled reagent bottles.Assuming that the mixture in the reagent bottle containing ethanol are water and ethanol, what is the volume of the ethanol in the 132g of solution?5. Andrea and Yvette are going to cook the most delicious food that ever going to exist for their tired classmates that conducted the experiment in an organic chemistry laboratory. However, the stores are closed and they don’t have a table salt for the seasoning of their special dish so they need to…arrow_forwardComplete the reaction scheme below by filling in missing reagents and/or intermediate products for each step. Please explain.arrow_forwardThe question is: "Draw the curved arrow mechanism for the reaction between pentan-2-one and (CH3)3O– in t-butanol to form an enolate. Draw all electrons and charges on both resonance structures. Then answer the question about the reaction." I got the initial arrows correct, but am not entirely sure what the carbanion intermediate would look like and then what the curved arrows would be to convert it to its final oxanion formarrow_forward
- 4. Explain in terms of bonding why ethene mostly undergoes electrophilic addition reactions. Draw the mechanism for the reaction of but-1-ene and hydrogen bromide. Show, via the mechanisms that are two different possible isomers - explain which one is formed preferentially and why this occurs. Mechanism 1 Mechanism 2 Equation (reactants and products) – reaction 1 Equation (reactants and products) – reaction 2 Major product Minor productarrow_forwardDraw the neutral organic starting material. The Hint: The reaction conditions support electrophilic addition of Br2 to an alkene's C=C double bond, which would normally yield a dibromo product. However, the product has only one bromine atom, with a C–O bond on the adjacent carbon. This fragment is diagnostic for a halohydrin, where an oxygen nucleophile (water or alcohol) reacts with a bromonium intermediate to generate the O–CH2CH2–Br motif. Work backwards to determine what the starting material must look like. There should be an alcohol and an alkene in the neutral organic starting material.arrow_forwardComplete the following reaction schemes. Some may take more than one step and some may have several routes to the product.arrow_forward
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