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Concept explainers
Interpretation: Both ozone
absorbs UV light in the upper atmosphere. However, the ozone absorbs slightly longer wavelength of UV light − wavelengths that would otherwise reach the surface of the planet. Based on this fact, the answers for following should be explained:
- How can Lewis structure helps explain the bonding difference between ozone and oxygen that gives rise to the difference in the absorption wavelength.
- What relationship or relationships between light and energy do you need to know to understand this photochemical application of Lewis structures.
Concept Introduction:
Lewis structure is representation of bonding electrons and lone pair of electrons in a molecule. For an atom, it represents the number of valance electrons present in it. The bonding is represented by drawing a line between the atoms that shows the shared pair of electron and lone pairs are dots around the atom
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Chapter 7 Solutions
Bundle: Chemistry for Engineering Students, 3rd, Loose-Leaf + OWLv2 with Quick Prep and Student Solutions Manual 24-Months Printed Access Card
- (c) Draw the orbital diagrams and Lewis symbols to depict the formation of Na* and CI ions from the atoms. Give the formula of the compound formed. (d) The predicted bond length for HF is 109 pm (the sum of the covalent radii of H, 37 pm and F. 72 pm), however the actual bond length for HF is shorter (92 pm). It was observed that the difference between predicted and actual bond lengths becomes smalleor going down the halogen group from HF to HI Describe these observationsarrow_forward(a) Describe the molecule xenon trioxide, XeO3, using four possible Lewis structures, one each with zero, one, two, or three Xe—O double bonds. (b) Do any of these resonance structures satisfy the octet rule for every atom in the molecule? (c) Do any of the four Lewis structures have multiple resonance structures? If so, how many resonance structures do you find? (d) Which of the Lewis structures in (a) yields the most favorable formal charges for the molecule?arrow_forwardChemical species are said to be isoelectronic if they have the same Lewis structure (regardless of charge). Consider these ions and write a Lewis structure for a neutral molecule that is isoelectronic with them. (a) CN–, (b) NH4+ (c) CO3 2–arrow_forward
- QUESTION 5 (31 MARKS) (a) (i) Draw a pz orbital and a d?-y² orbital. (4) (ii) What are the differences between a 5pz orbital and a 4d,- orbital in the H atom? (6) (b) (i) Draw the Lewis structure of methanol, CH3OH(8). (3) (ii) Show with a simple diagram how methanol dissolves in water. Explain. (2) (c) How does the energy and length of the carbon-oxygen bond in CH3OH(e) compare with the carbon-oxygen distance in carbon monoxide? Explain. (5) (d) Chemical bonds can be classified as polar covalent, according to and (3) (e) Chemical bonds can also be classified as single or number of according to the (2) (f) Draw the Lewis structure(s) for SO3F. Explain the structure which you have drawn. (6)arrow_forwardA resident expert on electronegativity comes up to visit with you. He makes two claims (seen below) about electronegativity with relation to covalent bonding. Is the expert correct or can you refute him with your knowledge of electronegativity? (a) If a diatomic molecule is made up of atoms X and Y, which have different electronegativities, the molecule must be polar. (b) The farther two atoms are apart in a bond, the larger the dipole moment will be.arrow_forwardThe strength of a covalent bond depends upon the size of the atoms and the bond order. In general short bonds are strong bonds. For each pair of covalently bonded atoms, choose the one expected to have the higher bond energy.(A) C≡N(B) C=N ...... (A,B) fill in the blank 1(C) N-N(D) N=N ...... (C,D) fill in the blank 2arrow_forward
- Based on average bond enthalpies, would you expect a photon capable ofdissociating a C¬Cl bond to have sufficient energy to dissociate a C¬Br bond?arrow_forwardSulfur tetrafluoride (SF4) reacts slowly with O2 to form sulfurtetrafluoride monoxide (OSF4) according to the followingunbalanced reaction: SF4(g) + O2(g)---->OSF4(g)The O atom and the four F atoms in OSF4 are bonded to acentral S atom. (a) Balance the equation. (b) Write a Lewisstructure of OSF4 in which the formal charges of all atomsare zero. (c) Use average bond enthalpies (Table 8.3) to estimatethe enthalpy of the reaction. Is it endothermic or exothermic?(d) Determine the electron-domain geometry ofOSF4, and write two possible molecular geometries for themolecule based on this electron-domain geometry. (e) Foreach of the molecules you drew in part (d), state how manyfluorines are equatorial and how many are axial.arrow_forwardExplain why :(i) No chemical compound of helium is known.(ii) Bond dissociation energy of fluorine is less than that of chlorine.(iii) Two S–O bonds in SO2are identical.arrow_forward
- Use (a) electron configuration (b) orbital diagram and (c) Lewis symbols to depict the formation of aluminum chloride from the reaction between aluminum and chlorine atoms. (d) How many electrons are transferred? (e) Which atom loses electrons in the reaction?arrow_forwardIf the dipole moment of a diatomic molecule is found to be 1.04 D, and its bond length is found to be 124 pm, what is the fractional charge on the atoms of the molecule in Coulombs (C)?arrow_forward(a) Describe the molecule xenon trioxide, XeO3, usingfour possible Lewis structures, one each with zero, one,two, or three Xe¬O double bonds. (b) Do any of theseresonance structures satisfy the octet rule for every atomin the molecule? (c) Do any of the four Lewis structureshave multiple resonance structures? If so, how many resonancestructures do you find? (d) Which of the Lewisstructures in part (a) yields the most favorable formalcharges for the molecule?arrow_forward
- Chemistry for Engineering StudentsChemistryISBN:9781337398909Author:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom HolmePublisher:Cengage LearningPrinciples of Modern ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305079113Author:David W. Oxtoby, H. Pat Gillis, Laurie J. ButlerPublisher:Cengage Learning
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