EBK CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS
2nd Edition
ISBN: 8220101459299
Author: Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 7, Problem 9TYU
INTERPRET THE DATA Phosphofructokinase is an enzyme that acts on fructose 6-phosphate at an early step in glucose breakdown (step 3 in Figure 7.9). Negative regulation of this enzyme by ATP and positive regulation by AMP control whether the sugar will continue on in the glycolytic pathway. Considering this graph, under which condition Is phosphofructokinase more active? Given this enzyme’s role in glycolysis, explain why it makes sense that ATP and AMP have these effects.
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Consider ten glucose molecules that enter a cell. How many ATP can be generated by the complete catabolism of these into CO2 and H2O? If all ten are first incorporated into glycogen, liberated from glycogen, and then fully catabolized into CO2 and H2O, does the ATP tally increase, decrease or stay the same? Consider that 1 UTP = 1 ATP. Explain. Describe the processes which produce ATP and provide a balanced equation of glucose, CO2, H2O and O2
Design a radiotracer experiment that would allow you to determine which
proportion of glucose catabolism in a given tissue preparation occurs
through the pentose phosphate pathway and which proportion occurs
through glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. Assume that you can synthesize
glucose labeled with 14C in any desired position or combination of positions.
Assume also that you can trap CO, after administration of labeled glucose
and determine its radioactivity.
In glycolysis, the KM value of hexoquinase is 0.04 mM. At physiological conditions, the cellular concentration of glucose is between 4 mM to 15 mM. According with this information, which of the following statements is true (Choose all that are correct)
The enzyme has a low affinity for its substrate
The enzme is working at its maximum velocity
The phosphorilation of glucose is very slow
The small value of KM assures that glycolysis will continue even when the concentration of glucose drops below 4 mM.
The hexoquinase is saturated with glucose
Chapter 7 Solutions
EBK CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS
Ch. 7.1 - Compare and contrast aerobic and anaerobic...Ch. 7.1 - Name and describe the two ways in which ATP is...Ch. 7.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 7.2 - During step 6 in Figure 7.9, which molecule acts...Ch. 7.3 - Name the molecules that conserve most of the...Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 7.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 7.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 7.4 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Membranes must be fluid to...Ch. 7.5 - Prob. 1CC
Ch. 7.5 - WHAT IF? A glucose-fed yeast cell is moved from an...Ch. 7.6 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Compare the structure of a fat...Ch. 7.6 - Prob. 2CCCh. 7.6 - WHAT IF? During intense exercise, can a muscle...Ch. 7 - The immediate energy source that drives ATP...Ch. 7 - Which metabolic pathway is common to both...Ch. 7 - In mitochondria, exergonic redox reactions A. are...Ch. 7 - The final electron acceptor of the electron...Ch. 7 - What is the oxidizing agent in the following...Ch. 7 - When electrons flow along the electron transport...Ch. 7 - Most co, from catabolism is released during A....Ch. 7 - DRAW IT The graph here shows the pH difference...Ch. 7 - INTERPRET THE DATA Phosphofructokinase is an...Ch. 7 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 7 - FOCUS ON EVOLUTION ATP synthases are found in the...Ch. 7 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 7 - Prob. 13TYU
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- Design a radiotracer experiment that would allow you to determine which proportion of glucose catabolism in a given tissue prepara- tion occurs through the pentose phosphate pathway and which pro- portion through glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. Assume that you can synthesize glucose labeled with 1"C in any desired position or combination of positions. Assume also that you can trap CO, after administration of labeled glucose and determine its radioactivity.arrow_forwardSuppose a yeast enzyme performs this reaction: Glyceraldehyde 3 - phophospate (GAP or G3P) → 3 – phopshoglycerate (3PG) In other words, this yeast performs a glycolysis shortcut. Would shortening the glycolytic pathway in this way benefit the cell? Explain by including chemical reactionsarrow_forwardAntagonist binds to the enzyme at a site far away from the receptor site to inhibit the function of an enzyme. Select one: O True O False Glycolysis is a reductive process because glucose is reduced to form pyruvate. Select one: O True O False Hexokinase catalyses an irreversible reaction in glycolysis. Select one: O True O Falsearrow_forward
- Table 9.2 shows that Go’ for the aldolase reaction is large, and positive, yet the reaction proceeds in the forward direction. Using the metabolite concentrations in table 9.3, calculate the actual G in the cell for the reaction to show that it is consistent with the value reported in table 9.2. Explain in words the strategy the cell uses to keep glycolysis moving in the forward direction (1-2 sentences).arrow_forwardStep 3: the phosphorylation of fructose 6-phosphate, is the first committed step of glycolysis. This step is catalyzed by phosphofructokinase, an enzyme that can be regulated allosterically by many molecules (two of which are ADP and phosphoenolpyruvate). Why is this regulation important?arrow_forwardThe following Michaelis-Menten plot shows the response of phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1), an enzyme in the glycolytic pathway, to the presence of ATP and AMP. Based on the data below, which of the following statements apply? Select all that apply. No inhibitors (low (ATP)) 1 mM ATP + 0.1 mM AMP 1 mM ATP 1.0 2.0 (Fructose-6-phosphate) mM Fig. : Regulation of PFK activity AMP is an allosteric modifier that enhances the binding of the substrate fructose 6-phosphate а. O b. AMP is an allosteric modifier that reduces the binding of the substrate fructose 6-phosphate ATP is an allosteric modifier that reduces the binding of the substrate fructose 6-phosphate O c. O d. ATP is an allosteric modifier that enhances the binding of the substrate fructose 6-phosphate Phosphofructokinase activityarrow_forward
- Calculate the total ATP produced in the catabolism of glucose. Follow the table provided below. If NADH = 3 ATP, If NADH = 2.5 АТР, FADH, 1.5 FADH, = 2 ATP ATP Glycolysis Pyruvate shuttle Krebs cycle ETC TOTAL If NADH = 3 ATP, If NADH = 2.5 %3D FADH2 = 2 ATP ATP, FADH2 = 1.5 ATP Alcohol Fermentation Lactic acid fermentationarrow_forwardThe researchers did not study the effects of NADH, ADP and ATP on the enzyme. Given what you know of their roles in GAPDH, classify each as an activator or an inhibitor of the enzyme. What overall consideration having to do with how glycolysis is regulated allowed you to make these inferences, without having any data? Would ADP, a reactant of the phosphorylating pathway, tend to inhibit the competing non-phosphorylating pathway in order to get more ATP made? And the opposite for ATP whose presence indicates that pathway may not be needed any more?arrow_forwardDraw the mechanism for the complete oxidation of a C-7 saturated fatty acid. Indicate the yield of ATP equivalents assuming there are 8 c-subunits in the ATP synthase, and NADPH = NADH.arrow_forward
- Cellular respiration connects the degradation of glucose to the formation of ATP, NADH and FADH2 in a series of 24 enzymatic reactions. Describe the major benefit of breaking down glucose over so many individual steps and describe the main role of NADH and FADH2arrow_forwardThe image below shows part of a key catabolic pathway. If an individual had a deficiency for the enzyme required at point "X", would they still be able to produce a high rate of ATP during very strenuous exercise? ATP in Glucose Prep. phase Payoff phase ļ - MacRoc Pyruvate →→→ Anaerobic fate of pyruvate ATP out ▬OD OF 1- HP 01 -- Select one: O a. No, because NAD* will not be regenerated by lactate dehydrogenase. The reduction of NAD+ to NADH is a required step during the payoff phase of glycolysis. O b. No, because lactate dehydrogenase is required for the continued recycling of NAD+ to NADH, thus allowing glycolysis to continue. Oc. Yes, because pyruvate dehydrogenase is necessary to produce acetyl-CoA, which under these conditions will feed into the citric acid cycle. Od. Yes, because this enzyme is responsible for the substrate-level phosphorylation necessary to maintain the ATP input for the preparatory phase of glycolysis. DE Report question issue Notes + 14:12 ( CEarrow_forwardIn the first stage of glycolysis, the hydroxyl group on C6 of glucose is phosphorylated to form glucose-6-phosphate (G6P). In this reaction, which of the following statements is true? a. O b. d. e. Glucose kinase is used to catalyze the reaction. Hexokinase is used to catalyze the reaction. A molecule of NADH is synthesized. One ATP is synthesized. Fructose kinase is used to catalyze the reaction.arrow_forward
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