Research Methods for the Behavioral Sciences
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781337681698
Author: Frederick J Gravetter; Lori-Ann B. Forzano
Publisher: Cengage Limited
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Textbook Question
Chapter 7.1, Problem 3LO
Describe the third-variable problem and the directionality problem, identify these problems when they appear in a research study, and explain why they must be eliminated before an experiment can demonstrate a cause-and-effect relationship.
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What is the difference between a dependent variable and an independent variable in a research study? Provide an example of each variable in a psychological research study.
If changing variable A causes variation in variable B, then variable A is identified or described by researchers as what variable? More specifically, is variable A associated with the cause or the effect, the independent or the dependent variable? A. Dependent variable B. Independent variable C. Co-dependent variable D. Methodological variable
A survey of high school students was done to examine whether students had ever driven a car after consuming a substantial amount of alcohol (1=yes, 0=no). Data was collected on their sex (male/female), race (White/non-White), and grade level (9,10,11,12). Researchers realized that the impact of race on consuming alcohol before driving might vary by grade level and decided to fit the following model.
Variable
Coding = 1 if
Intercept
Sex ()
Female
Race ()
Black
Grade level (
9th grade
10th grade
11th grade
[Reference = 12th grade]
Attached is the logistic model
1. Compute the OR of drinking before driving for students who self-reported as Black versus non-Black in the 9th grade, adjusting for gender.
2. Compute the OR of drinking before driving for students who self-reported as Black versus non-Black in the 12th grade, adjusting for gender.
3. Compute the OR of drinking before driving for someone in the 9th grade versus 12th grade for a student who…
Chapter 7 Solutions
Research Methods for the Behavioral Sciences
Ch. 7.1 - Describe the general purpose of an experimental...Ch. 7.1 - Define independent, dependent, and extraneous...Ch. 7.1 - Describe the third-variable problem and the...Ch. 7.2 - Explain why manipulation of an independent...Ch. 7.2 - Explain why control of extraneous variables is a...Ch. 7.2 - Explain how an extraneous variable can become a...Ch. 7.3 - Describe the three primary techniques for...Ch. 7.4 - Describe the purpose for control conditions in...Ch. 7.4 - Explain when a manipulation check is needed,...Ch. 7.4 - Define field studies and simulation, explain why...
Ch. 7 - In addition to the key words, you should also be...Ch. 7 - Dr. Jones conducted a study examining the...Ch. 7 - In an experiment examining human memory, two...Ch. 7 - It has been demonstrated that students with high...Ch. 7 - A researcher would like to compare two methods for...Ch. 7 - Define extraneous variable and explain how...Ch. 7 - Identify the two characteristics needed for a...Ch. 7 - Identify the two active methods of preventing...Ch. 7 - Explain how the process of randomly assigning...Ch. 7 - Can a research study be an experiment without a...Ch. 7 - What is the general purpose of a manipulation...Ch. 7 - What is the general purpose for using a simulation...
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