Life: The Science of Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319010164
Author: David E. Sadava, David M. Hillis, H. Craig Heller, Sally D. Hacker
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 7.1, Problem 3R
Summary Introduction
To review:
The reason due to which the signaling is specific.
Introduction:
The process, through which the cells communicate and govern the basic cellular activities is called cell signaling. It helps in the process of tissue repair, development, maintenance of homeostasis, and immunity. It is the ability of the cells to perceive and respond to their surrounding, which is the foundation of the development, repair of the tissue, immunity, and also homeostasis.
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Can a cell have multiple responses to one stimulus?
A) Yes, such as a second messenger activating a kinase and a transcription factor
B) No, one stimulus = one response.
C) Yes, but only if the stimulus activates two different types of receptors, like a GPCR and a protein kinase receptor at the same time
. Hedgehog, the signal, does not travel very far to bind to its receptor, Patched, on target cells.Therefore, target cells that are closer to the signaling cell receive a stronger signal. What modeof signaling does this describe?A. EndocrineB. Paracrine/AutocrineC. SynapticD. Contact-dependentExplain:
This pertains to membrane transport and cell signaling.
Give an example in animals and in plants where the two signaling and responding cells are in direct contact.
Chapter 7 Solutions
Life: The Science of Biology
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- Which of these is NOT a response that occurs when an intercellular chemical signal binds to a membrane-bound receptor? 1. Enzymes at the inner surface of the cell are directly activated. 2. Ion channels open or close. 3. Enzymes add phosphate groups to certain proteins in the cell. 4. The chemical signal and receptor bind to DNA in the nucleus. 5. Activated G proteins activate enzymes that produce intracellular messengers.arrow_forwardAll cells of a multicellular organism may not respond in the same wayto a particular ligand (signaling molecule) that binds to a cell surfacereceptor. The difference in response may be due toa. the type of receptor for the ligand that the cell expresses.b the affinity of the ligand for the receptor in a given cell type.c. the type of signal transduction pathways that the cell expresses.d. the type of target proteins that the cell expresses.e. all of the above.arrow_forwardA cell expresses a transmembrane protein that is cleaved at the plasma membrane to release an extracellular fragment. The fragment binds to receptor proteins on nearby cells and activates signaling pathways resulting in altered gene expression patterns in the cells. What form of intercellular signaling does this represent? Contact-dependent? Paracrine? Synaptic? Endocrine? Autocrine?arrow_forward
- Select the correct order of signal transduction / cell communication / cell signaling. Reception - Response - Amplification Amplification - Reception - Response Response - Reception - Amplification Reception - Amplification - Responsearrow_forwardWhen signals bind to the protein receptors, it depends if the receptor is found on the nuclear or cell membrane. genes are turned on or off. gates open up and then there is a cellular response, such as an action potential. the receptor changes its shape in order to bind the signal and to function.arrow_forwardWhat is the role of negative feedback in a cell-signalling pathway? To switch off a signal once of the output reaches a certain threshold To trigger the degradation of upstream signalling components To amplify the output of a signal To ensure a signal is transientarrow_forward
- Draw a cell. Draw a receptor that binds to a signaling molecule on the outside of the cell and a receptor that binds to a signaling molecule on the inside of the cell. What property does a signaling molecule that crosses the cell membrane (plasma membrane) need?arrow_forwardA cell within organ A expresses a protein that is secreted from the cell and travels through the organism’s blood stream to a cell on a distant organ B. The protein binds to a receptor protein on the cell surface of organ B and activates an intracellular signaling pathway resulting in altered gene expression patterns in the cells. What form of intercellular signaling does this represent? Contact-dependent? Paracrine? Synaptic? Endocrine? Autocrine?arrow_forwardIn 5-7 sentences. Provide a narrative overview of the function of the receptor including: The extracellular signal that acts as the ligand for the receptor The physiological response that is induced The benefits of this pathway to the cell/organismarrow_forward
- When a signaling molecule binds to a receptor located in the cell membrane, the signal / information is carried further into the cell via the receptor. The signal / information will lead to some type of change inside in cells in response to the signal it received. What this change is depends on the type of signaling molecule that binds to the cell (but may also depend on the type of cell that the signaling molecule binds to). In some cases, the change that takes place in the cell will be rapid and take a few seconds off that the signaling molecule binds to the receptor until the change takes place (fast signaling pathway). In some cases the change will take much longer, perhaps several hours from the time the signaling molecule binds to the receptor until the change occurs in the cell (slow signaling pathway). Explain how the signal path would be be able to look when it is fast and what it could look like when it is slow.arrow_forwardWhich of the following are methods of cellular signaling? Select one: a. All the answers are correct. b. Connections through fibers of the ECM from one cell to another c. Ligand binding to a receptor in the cell membrane d. Desmosomes ‘pulling’ one cell to another e. Lipid or gas ligand binding to an intracellular receptorarrow_forwardRelaying a message from a receptor protein to a molecule that performs a specific function within a cell is called ______. selective permeability signal transduction inhibition self-recognitionarrow_forward
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