Chapter 7.5, Problem 13CC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The rate of the given reaction should be analyzed for the given conditions.

Concept Introduction:

${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}\text{1}$ Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on one reactant. First step is the formation of more stable carbocation which is followed by the attack of nucleophile. Formation of more stable carbocation and the leaving group present in the substrate plays very important role in the reactivity of ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}\text{1}$ reaction.

Carbocation: it is carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.

Carbocation stability order:

Second-Order rate reaction: It is a type of chemical reaction in which the reaction depends on concentration of one second order reactant or both the first order reactants involved in the reaction.

Leaving group: it is a fragment that leaves the chemical compound with pair of electrons in a heterolytic bond cleavage. The ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2$ reactivity increases in molecule with better leaving group.

Nucleophile: donates pair of electrons to positively charged substrate resulting in the formation of chemical bond.

 (b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The rate of the given reaction should be analyzed for the given conditions.

Concept Introduction:

${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}\text{1}$ Reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on one reactant. First step is the formation of more stable carbocation which is followed by the attack of nucleophile. Formation of more stable carbocation and the leaving group present in the substrate plays very important role in the reactivity of ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}\text{1}$ reaction.

Carbocation: it is carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.

Carbocation stability order:

Second-Order rate reaction: It is a type of chemical reaction in which the reaction depends on concentration of one second order reactant or both the first order reactants involved in the reaction.

Leaving group: it is a fragment that leaves the chemical compound with pair of electrons in a heterolytic bond cleavage. The ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2$ reactivity increases in molecule with better leaving group.

Nucleophile: donates pair of electrons to positively charged substrate resulting in the formation of chemical bond.