Biology
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ISBN: 9781260487947
Author: BROOKER
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 7.6, Problem 3EQ
Summary Introduction
To determine: Whether the rotations seen by researchers in the data of Figure 7.13 are in the same direction as they are expected to occur in mitochondria during ATP synthesis and the reason for it.
Introduction: ATP synthase was visualized by Yoshida and Kinosita to prove the hypothesis that ATP synthase is a rotary machine. One γ, three β and three α subunits are present in an ATP synthase molecule. In the experiment, γ subunit was made to rotate by adding ATP.
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Describe the steps by which the F0 portion of the ATP synthase harnesses the proton-motive force to help synthesize ATP. What would you expect to observe if the proton gradient were reversed? Explain your answer.
Biochemists working with isolated mitochondria recognize five energy“states” of mitochondria, depending on the presence or absence of essential substrates for respiration—O2, ADP, oxidizable substrates, and so forth. The characteristics of each state are:state 1: mitochondria alone (in buffer containing Pi)state 2: mitochondria + substrate, but respiration low due to lack of ADPstate 3: mitochondria + substrate + limited amount of ADP, allowingrapid respirationstate 4: mitochondria + substrate, but all ADP converted to ATP, sorespiration slowsstate 5: mitochondria + substrate + ADP, but all O2 used up (anoxia),so respiration stops(a) On the graph, identify the state that might predominate in each stage of the trace indicated with a letter. (b) To determine whether isolated mitochondria exhibit respiratory control,one determines the ratio of rates of oxygen uptake in two different states.Which states?(c) Which state probably predominates in vivo in skeletal muscle fatiguedfrom a long…
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Cellular respiration connects the degradation of glucose to the formation of ATP, NADH and FADH2 in a series of 24 enzymatic reactions. Describe the major benefit of breaking down glucose over so many individual steps and describe the main role of NADH and FADH2?
Chapter 7 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 7.2 - Core Skill: Connections Look ahead to Table 45.1....Ch. 7.2 - Which organic molecules donate a phosphate group...Ch. 7.2 - Prob. 2CSCh. 7.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 7.5 - Explain the meaning of the name cytochrome...Ch. 7.6 - Prob. 1CCCh. 7.6 - Prob. 1CSCh. 7.6 - Prob. 1EQCh. 7.6 - CoreSKILL In the experiment of Figure 7.13, what...Ch. 7.6 - Prob. 3EQ
Ch. 7.7 - Prob. 1CCCh. 7 - Which of the following pathways occurs in the...Ch. 7 - Prob. 2TYCh. 7 - Prob. 3TYCh. 7 - Which organic molecule supplies a two-carbon group...Ch. 7 - The ability to diagnose tumors using...Ch. 7 - Prob. 6TYCh. 7 - Certain drugs, which are called ionophores, cause...Ch. 7 - Prob. 8TYCh. 7 - Prob. 9TYCh. 7 - Prob. 10TYCh. 7 - Prob. 1CQCh. 7 - What causes the rotation of the subunit of ATP...Ch. 7 - Core Concept: Energy and Matter How is glucose...Ch. 7 - Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of...Ch. 7 - Prob. 2COQ
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