Microbiology Fundamentals: A Clinical Approach
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9781259709227
Author: Marjorie Kelly Cowan Professor, Heidi Smith
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 8, Problem 13Q
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Horizontal gene transfer is a process through which an organism can incorporate DNA of other organism. It is common in bacteria and viruses and involves three steps: transduction, conjugation, and translation.
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Particles that transfer genetic material from one species to another, especially in marine prokaryotes: a. horizontal gene transfer b. lateral gene transfer c. genome fusion device d. gene transfer agents
Which of the following is an example of horizontal gene transfer?
a. the transmission of an eye color gene from father to daughter
b. the transmission of a mutant gene causing cystic fibrosis from father to daughter
c. the transmission of a gene conferring pathogenicity (the ability to cause disease) from one bacterial species to another
d. the transmission of a gene conferring antibiotic resistance from a mother cell to its two daughter cells
e. all of the above
Which process of DNA transfer in bacteria requires a virus?
a. Conjugation
b. Transduction
c. Transformation
d. All of the above
Chapter 8 Solutions
Microbiology Fundamentals: A Clinical Approach
Ch. 8.1 - Define the terms genome and gene.Ch. 8.1 - Differentiate between genotype and phenotype.Ch. 8.1 - Draw a segment of DNA, labeling all important...Ch. 8.1 - Summarize the steps of bacterial DNA replication,...Ch. 8.1 - Compare and contrast the synthesis of leading and...Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 1NPCh. 8.2 - Provide an overview of the relationship among DNA,...Ch. 8.2 - Identify important structural and functional...Ch. 8.2 - Draw a picture of the process of transcription.Ch. 8.2 - List the three types of RNA directly involved in...
Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 10AYPCh. 8.2 - Identify the locations of the promoter, the start...Ch. 8.2 - Indicate how eukaryotic transcription and...Ch. 8.2 - NCLEX PREP 2. The following are all true of RNA,...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 3NPCh. 8.3 - Define the term operon, and explain one advantage...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 14AYPCh. 8.4 - Prob. 15AYPCh. 8.4 - Prob. 16AYPCh. 8.5 - Prob. 17AYPCh. 8.5 - Differentiate among frameshift, nonsense, silent,...Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 19AYPCh. 8.5 - Prob. 1MMCh. 8.6 - Explain the importance of restriction...Ch. 8.6 - List the steps in the polymerase chain reaction.Ch. 8.6 - Describe how you can clone a gene into a...Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 23AYPCh. 8.6 - Prob. 24AYPCh. 8.6 - Name two genetic techniques that are designed to...Ch. 8.6 - NCLEX PREF 4. A client is being treated with...Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 2MMCh. 8 - Single nucleotide polymorphisms are found in a....Ch. 8 - Using your knowledge of DNA from this chapter,...Ch. 8 - Conduct research on CRISPR and explain in...Ch. 8 - Which of the following is a characteristic of RNA?...Ch. 8 - List some advantages and disadvantages to a cell...Ch. 8 - Construct an argument for why tRNA contains a lot...Ch. 8 - Prob. 7QCh. 8 - Discuss the intersection between the metabolome...Ch. 8 - Defend this statement: All of biology is dependent...Ch. 8 - DNA is semiconservative because the ______ strand...Ch. 8 - Examine the DNA triplets here and determine the...Ch. 8 - Prob. 12QCh. 8 - Prob. 13QCh. 8 - Prob. 14QCh. 8 - Metagenomics is providing insight into the...Ch. 8 - The creation of biological molecules and cells...Ch. 8 - Prob. 17QCh. 8 - Genetically modified organisms (GMOs)especially in...Ch. 8 - Prob. 19QCh. 8 - Construct an analogy using your clothes closet to...Ch. 8 - Prob. 21QCh. 8 - Prob. 1VC
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- Which of the following statements correctly describes a process by which bacteria become resistant to antibiotics? A. bacteria reproduce slowly, allowing mutation to become widespread in a population. B. some bacteria produce exotoxins that breakdown antibiotics, rendering them nonfunctional C. conjugation spreads antibiotic resistance genes rapidly in a population D. antibiotics cause mutation in bacteria, making them resistant.arrow_forwardPart A: Antibiotic resistance is a major health concern. Resistance to various antibiotics can be transferred by a. all options. b. transduction. c. conjugation. d. transformation. Part B: Movement of genetic information through transduction requires that a. free DNA is available in the environment. b. physical contact occurs between cells. c. transposable elements occur in a chromosome. d. viruses have infected a cell.arrow_forwardWhich process is most likely to result in a gene providing antibiotic resistance being found in a viral genome? A. Conjugation B. Binary fission C. Transduction D. Transformationarrow_forward
- How do scientists induce prokaryotes to produce human proteins?a. They insert human genes into bacterial genomes.b. They cross bacterial strains until the proteins arise at random.c. They inject bacteria into human muscles.d. All of the above are correct.arrow_forwardwhy do the bacteria grow up to the edge of the area with antibiotics, pause, then continue to grow across the area with antibiotics? A) The antibiotics caused mutations in the DNA of the bacteria, making them resistant to the antibiotics. B) The bacteria mutated as a survival response to the presence of antibiotics, enabling the bacteria to become resistant to the antibiotics. C)A few bacteria experienced random mutations in their DNA, which allowed some of them to grow even though antibiotics were present. D) Researchers added antibiotic resistant bacteria to the culture, so that the bacteria would continue to grow across the area with antibiotics.arrow_forwardAn example of bioremediation is A) the use of prokaryotes to treat sewage or clean up oil spills. B) the production of antibiotics by cultured prokaryotes. C) the application of bacteria to produce transgenic plants.arrow_forward
- Bacteria can acquire DNA directly from the environment through: please explain the answer a.Conjugation b.Transduction c.Natural transformation d.All of the abovearrow_forwardImagine you go to the doctor because you are sick. You get antibiotics, but you hurry out of the hospital as fast as you can so you don’t pick up any antibiotic resistance genes as well. If genes were transferred directly from the environment, you could pick up a resistance gene by breathing the air. What type of gene transfer allows cells to pick up genes directly from the environment? a. Transformation b. Transduction c. Conjugation d. All of the abovearrow_forwardWhich genes can be transferred by all three methods of horizontal gene transfer? a. capsule production b. toxin production c. F factord. drug resistancearrow_forward
- Which of the following is true of reverse transcriptase?a. It is required for the movement of DNA transposons.b. It catalyzes the synthesis of DNA from RNA.c. It is required for the transposition of retrotransposons.d. b and c are correct.arrow_forwardWhich of the following best describes the mechanism of action of the antibiotic streptomycin? A. it disrupts protein synthesis in resistant bacteria. B. Streptomycin inhibits cell wall synthesis in all bacterial species. C. Streptomycin creates mutations in bacteria which cause them to become resistant. D. It disrupts protein synthesis in nonresistant bacteria.arrow_forwardA transducing particle injects all of the DNA that it contains into a bacterial cell. Which of the following are TRUE? A. The bacterium becomes Hfr B. The bacterium becomes F+ C. The bacterium immediately acquires new functions as the injected DNA is rapidly transcribed and translated into mRNA and proteins D. This injected DNA can integrate into the bacterium’s genome through a process called recombinationarrow_forward
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genetic recombination strategies of bacteria CONJUGATION, TRANSDUCTION AND TRANSFORMATION; Author: Scientist Cindy;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Va8FZJEl9A;License: Standard youtube license