Microbiology Fundamentals: A Clinical Approach
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9781259709227
Author: Marjorie Kelly Cowan Professor, Heidi Smith
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 8.2, Problem 2NP
NCLEX® PREP
2. The following are all true of RNA, except
- a. it is a single-stranded molecule existing in helical form.
- b. it contains uracil rather than thymine as the complementary base-pairing mate for adenine.
- c. uracil does not follow the pairing rules; therefore, the inherent DNA code is changed.
- d. the sugar in RNA is ribose rather than deoxyribose.
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Chapter 8 Solutions
Microbiology Fundamentals: A Clinical Approach
Ch. 8.1 - Define the terms genome and gene.Ch. 8.1 - Differentiate between genotype and phenotype.Ch. 8.1 - Draw a segment of DNA, labeling all important...Ch. 8.1 - Summarize the steps of bacterial DNA replication,...Ch. 8.1 - Compare and contrast the synthesis of leading and...Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 1NPCh. 8.2 - Provide an overview of the relationship among DNA,...Ch. 8.2 - Identify important structural and functional...Ch. 8.2 - Draw a picture of the process of transcription.Ch. 8.2 - List the three types of RNA directly involved in...
Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 10AYPCh. 8.2 - Identify the locations of the promoter, the start...Ch. 8.2 - Indicate how eukaryotic transcription and...Ch. 8.2 - NCLEX PREP 2. The following are all true of RNA,...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 3NPCh. 8.3 - Define the term operon, and explain one advantage...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 14AYPCh. 8.4 - Prob. 15AYPCh. 8.4 - Prob. 16AYPCh. 8.5 - Prob. 17AYPCh. 8.5 - Differentiate among frameshift, nonsense, silent,...Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 19AYPCh. 8.5 - Prob. 1MMCh. 8.6 - Explain the importance of restriction...Ch. 8.6 - List the steps in the polymerase chain reaction.Ch. 8.6 - Describe how you can clone a gene into a...Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 23AYPCh. 8.6 - Prob. 24AYPCh. 8.6 - Name two genetic techniques that are designed to...Ch. 8.6 - NCLEX PREF 4. A client is being treated with...Ch. 8.6 - Prob. 2MMCh. 8 - Single nucleotide polymorphisms are found in a....Ch. 8 - Using your knowledge of DNA from this chapter,...Ch. 8 - Conduct research on CRISPR and explain in...Ch. 8 - Which of the following is a characteristic of RNA?...Ch. 8 - List some advantages and disadvantages to a cell...Ch. 8 - Construct an argument for why tRNA contains a lot...Ch. 8 - Prob. 7QCh. 8 - Discuss the intersection between the metabolome...Ch. 8 - Defend this statement: All of biology is dependent...Ch. 8 - DNA is semiconservative because the ______ strand...Ch. 8 - Examine the DNA triplets here and determine the...Ch. 8 - Prob. 12QCh. 8 - Prob. 13QCh. 8 - Prob. 14QCh. 8 - Metagenomics is providing insight into the...Ch. 8 - The creation of biological molecules and cells...Ch. 8 - Prob. 17QCh. 8 - Genetically modified organisms (GMOs)especially in...Ch. 8 - Prob. 19QCh. 8 - Construct an analogy using your clothes closet to...Ch. 8 - Prob. 21QCh. 8 - Prob. 1VC
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- RNA differs from DNA because: a. RNA may contain the pyrimidine uracil, and DNA does not. b. RNA is always single-stranded when functioning, and DNA isalways double-stranded. c. the pentose sugar in RNA has one less O atom than thepentose sugar in DNA. d. RNA is more stable and is broken down by enzymes lesseasily than DNA. e. RNA is a much larger molecule than DNA.arrow_forwardVISUALIZE Sketch a pyrimidine nucleotide subunit that would be found only in RNA. Circle and label the three components that make up this type of nucleotide. Explain what changes in the functional groups of this subunit would have to occur for it to be found in a DNA molecule.arrow_forward#3 under Identify the Structures is what? A. phosphate polymerase complex B. DNA polymerase complex C. deoxyribose sugar polymerase complex D. nitrogen base polymerase complexarrow_forward
- 1. Which of the following rules apply to the synthesis of nucleic acids? A. Nucleotides are added to the 5' end of nucleic acids. B. Complementary pairing between bases is required for copying nucleic acids. C. The synthesis of nucleic acids cannot occur without the presence of an enzyme to catalyze the reaction. D. Strands are synthesized in a parallel direction such that one end of the double-stranded product has the 3' ends and other has the 5' ends. 2. Why does it take three turns of the Calvin cycle to produce G3P, the initial product of photosynthesis? A. To produce RuBisCo as an end product. B. To fix enough oxygen to export one G3P molecule. C. To fix enough carbon to export one G3P molecule. D. To produce ATP and NADPH for fixation of G3P. 3. For protein synthesis, an amino acid needs to be attached by its _ group to the _ of the tRNA molecule. A. A. Amino; phosphoryl group on the 5'-end. B. Carboxyl; hydroxyl group on the 3'-end. C. Carboxyl; hydroxyl group on the 5'-end. D.…arrow_forward13.)Which describe the similarities and differences in the composition of DNA and RNA? a.)In DNA Thymine paired with Cytosine (T - C): In RNA Guanine paired with Cytosine (G - C) b.)In DNA Thymine paired with Adenine (T - A): In RNA Adenine paired with Uracil (A - U) c.)In DNA Guanine paired with Cytosine (G - C): In RNA Adenine paired with Uracil (U - A) d.)In DNA Thymine paired with Adenine (T - A): In RNA Adenine paired with Thymine (A - T) 14.)Most bacteria that cause sickness in humans grow best at 98. 6 degree Fahrenheit (37 degree Celsius). Sometimes a fever is the body’s response to the bacteria. What is the reason for developing a fever? a.)To make you feel miserable b.)Increasing the temperature of the body to kill bacteria c.)Decreasing the temperature of the body to kill bacteria d.) None of these 15.)The complementary base of Adenine in RNA. a.)Guanine b.)Thymine c.)Uracil d.)Cystosinearrow_forwardWhat is the effect of incubating a mixture of RNA and DNA with 0.1 M NaOH? A. DNAishydrolyzedtonucleosidemonophosphates.B. No effect. RNA and DNA are resistant to base hydrolysis.C. RNA is hydrolyzed to nucleoside monophosphates. D. Both RNA and DNA are hydrolyzed to nucleoside monophosphates. Stem-loop structures in RNA resemble the ________ form of double-helical DNA. A. A B. BC. supercoiledcircular D. Zarrow_forward
- H 20 Determine the original polypeptide sequence that would give the following results. Amino acids enclosed in parentheses are together as one strand. Commas indicate that the amino acids exist in that strand, not the order of amino acids linked together. A subscript indicates that number existing in the strand. a. Complete hydrolysis with acid: Ala2, Arg, Lys2, Met, Phe, Ser2 b. Carboxypeptidase A digestion: Ala c. Trypsin digestion (Ala,Arg), (Lys,Phe,Ser),(Lys),(Ala,Met,Ser) d. Cyanogen Bromide treatment: (Ala,Arg,Lys,Met,Phe,Ser), (Ala,Ser) e. Thermolysin digestion: (Ala), (Ala,Arg,Ser), (Lys2,Met,Phe,Ser)arrow_forwardWhat is the effect of incubating a mixture of RNA and DNA with 0.1 M NaOH? A. DNA is hydrolyzed to nucleoside monophosphates. B. No effect. RNA and DNA are resistant to base hydrolysis. C. RNA is hydrolyzed to nucleoside monophosphates. D. Both RNA and DNA are hydrolyzed to nucleoside monophosphates. Stem-loop structures in RNA resemble the ________ form of double-helical DNA. A. A B. B C. supercoiled circular D. Zarrow_forward4. Indicate whether each of the following words orphrases applies to proteins, DNA, or both.a. a macromolecule composed of a string of subunitsb. double-strandedc. four different subunitsd. 20 different subunitse. composed of amino acidsf. composed of nucleotidesg. contains a code used to generate othermacromoleculesh. performs chemical reactionsarrow_forward
- 3. Explain how water activity and pH can affect the susceptibility of proteins to denaturation by heat.arrow_forward21. The difference between a nucleoside and nucleotide is: Group of answer choices 1. A nucleoside consists of the sugar with a nitrogenous base, whereas a nucleotide has a sugar with a nitrogenous base and phosphate groups attached to the sugar. 2. Nucleotides contain deoxyribose sugar and nucleosides contain ribose sugar 3. Nucleotides are involved in eukaryotic DNA replication, while nucleosides are used in bacterial DNA replication 4. A nucleotide consists of the sugar with a nitrogenous base, whereas a nucleoside has a sugar with a nitrogenous base and phosphate groups attached to the sugar.arrow_forward5. Consider the following DNA template strand:3’ GCA- AAA-CAA-ATA-GTG 5’Using the following sequence, identify:a. The base sequence in the DNA information strandb. Assuming that no introns are present, identify the codons present in the mRNA transcribed from the DNA template strandc. The anticodons in the tRNA that with interact with the mRNA codons in (b).d. The amino acids that will be carried by the tRNA (from c) moleculesarrow_forward
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