Fluid Mechanics: Fundamentals and Applications
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781259696534
Author: Yunus A. Cengel Dr., John M. Cimbala
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 8, Problem 182P
To determine
The head loss of the second pipe.
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Water is flowing through a circular pipe made of cast iron with a diameter of 26 cm. If Reynolds number is 105. What is the Darcy friction factor?
Water at 15°C is to be discharged from a reservoir at a rate of 18 L/s using two horizontal cast iron pipes connected in series and a pump between them. The first pipe is X= 5 m long and has a 6-cm diameter, while the second pipe is 5 m long and has a 4-cm diameter. The water level in the reservoir is 30 m above the centerline of the pipe. The pipe entrance is sharp-edged, and losses associated with the connection of the pump are negligible. Neglecting the effect of the kinetic energy correction factor, determine the required pumping head and the minimum pumping power to maintain the indicated flow rate. (The density and dynamic viscosity of water at 15°C are ρ = 999.1 kg/m3 and μ = 1.138x10-3 kg/m.s. The loss coefficient is KL = 0.5 for a sharp-edged entrance. The roughness of cast iron pipes is ε= 0.00026 m.)
A 3-m-high large tank is initially filled with water. The tank water surface is open to the atmosphere, and a sharp-edged 10-cm-diameter orifice at the bottom drains to the atmosphere through a horizontal 80-m-long pipe. The total irreversible head loss of the system is determined to be 1.5 m. Disregard the effect of the kinetic energy correction factors. Using appropriate software, investigate the effect of the tank height on the initial discharge velocity of water from the completely filled tank. Let the tank height vary from 2 to 15 m in increments of 1 m, and assume the irreversible head loss to remain constant. Tabulate and plot the results.
Chapter 8 Solutions
Fluid Mechanics: Fundamentals and Applications
Ch. 8 - How is the hydrodynamic entry length defined for...Ch. 8 - Why are liquids usually transported in circular...Ch. 8 - What is the physical significance of the Reynolds...Ch. 8 - Consider a person walking first in air and then in...Ch. 8 - Show that the Reynolds number for flow in a...Ch. 8 - Which fluid at room temperature requires a larger...Ch. 8 - What is the eneia1Iy accepted value of the...Ch. 8 - Consider the flow of air and wale in pipes of the...Ch. 8 - Consider laminar flow in a circular pipe. Is the...Ch. 8 - How does surface roughness affect the pressure...
Ch. 8 - What is hydraulic diameter? How is it defined?...Ch. 8 - Shown here is a cool picture of water being...Ch. 8 - What fluid property is responsible for the...Ch. 8 - In the fully developed region of flow in a...Ch. 8 - Someone claims that the volume flow rate in a...Ch. 8 - Someone claims that the average velocity in a...Ch. 8 - Someone claims that the shear stress at the center...Ch. 8 - Someone claims that in fully developed turbulent...Ch. 8 - How does the wall shear stress w , vary along the...Ch. 8 - How is the friction factor for flow in a pipe...Ch. 8 - Discuss whether fully developed pipe flow is one-,...Ch. 8 - Consider fully developed flow in a circular pipe...Ch. 8 - Consider fully developed laminar how in a...Ch. 8 - Explain why the friction factor is independent of...Ch. 8 - Consider laminar flow of air in a circular pipe...Ch. 8 - Consider fully developed laminar flow in a...Ch. 8 - How is head loss related to pressure loss? For a...Ch. 8 - What is turbulent viscosity? What caused it?Ch. 8 - What is the physical mechanism that causes the...Ch. 8 - The head toss for a certain circular pipe is given...Ch. 8 - The velocity profile for the fully developed...Ch. 8 - Water at 15°C (p = 999.1 kg/m3 and = 1.138 × 10-3...Ch. 8 - Water at 70F passes through...Ch. 8 - Heated air at 1 atm and 100F is to be transported...Ch. 8 - In fully developed laminar flow in a circular...Ch. 8 - The velocity profile in fully developed laminar...Ch. 8 - Repeat Prob. 8-36 for a pipe of inner radius 7 cm.Ch. 8 - Water at 10C (p = 999.7 kg/m3 and = 1.307 ×...Ch. 8 - Consider laminar flow of a fluid through a square...Ch. 8 - Repeat Prob. 8-39 for tribulent flow in smooth...Ch. 8 - Air enters a 10-m-long section of a rectangular...Ch. 8 - Consider an air solar collector that is 1 m wide...Ch. 8 - Oil with p = 876 kg/m3 and = 0.24 kg/m.s is...Ch. 8 - Glycenii at 40 C with p = l22 kg/m3 and = 0.27...Ch. 8 - Air at 1 atm and 60 F is flowing through a 1 ft ×...Ch. 8 - Oil with a density of 850 kg/m3 and kinematic...Ch. 8 - In an air heating system, heated air at 40 C and...Ch. 8 - Glycerin at 40 C with p = 1252 kg/m3 and = 0.27...Ch. 8 - Liquid ammonia at 20 C is flowing through a...Ch. 8 - Consider the fully developed flow of glycerin at...Ch. 8 - The velocity profile for a steady laminar flow in...Ch. 8 - The generalized Bernoulli equation for unsteady...Ch. 8 - What is minor loss in pipe flow? How is the minor...Ch. 8 - Define equivalent length for minor loss in pipe...Ch. 8 - The effect of rounding of a pipe inlet on the loss...Ch. 8 - The effect of rounding of a pipe exit on the loss...Ch. 8 - Which has a greater minor loss coefficient during...Ch. 8 - A piping system involves sharp turns, and thus...Ch. 8 - During a retrofitting project of a fluid flow...Ch. 8 - A horizontal pipe has an abrupt expansion from...Ch. 8 - Consider flow from a water reservoir through a...Ch. 8 - Repeat Prob. 8-62 for a slightly rounded entrance...Ch. 8 - Water is to be withdrawn from an 8-m-high water...Ch. 8 - A piping system equipped with a pump is operating...Ch. 8 - Water is pumped from a large lower reservoir to a...Ch. 8 - For a piping system, define the system curve, the...Ch. 8 - Prob. 68CPCh. 8 - Consider two identical 2-m-high open tanks tilled...Ch. 8 - A piping system involves two pipes of different...Ch. 8 - A piping system involves two pipes of different...Ch. 8 - A piping system involves two pipes of identical...Ch. 8 - Water at 15 C is drained from a large reservoir...Ch. 8 - Prob. 74PCh. 8 - The water needs of a small farm are to be met by...Ch. 8 - Prob. 76EPCh. 8 - A 2.4-m-diameter tank is initially filled with...Ch. 8 - A 3-m-diameter tank is initially filled with water...Ch. 8 - Reconsider Prob. 8-78. In order to drain the tank...Ch. 8 - Gasoline (p = 680 kg/m3 and v = 4.29 × 10-7 m2/s)...Ch. 8 - Prob. 81EPCh. 8 - Oil at 20 C is flowing through a vertical glass...Ch. 8 - Prob. 83PCh. 8 - A 4-in-high cylindrical tank having a...Ch. 8 - A fanner is to pump water at 70 F from a river to...Ch. 8 - A water tank tilled with solar-heated vater at 4OC...Ch. 8 - Two water reservoirs A and B are connected to each...Ch. 8 - Prob. 89PCh. 8 - A certain pail of cast iron piping of a water...Ch. 8 - Repeat Prob. 8-91 assuming pipe A has a...Ch. 8 - Prob. 93PCh. 8 - Repeat Prob. 8-93 for cast lion pipes of the same...Ch. 8 - Water is transported by gravity through a...Ch. 8 - Water to a residential area is transported at a...Ch. 8 - In large buildings, hot water in a water tank is...Ch. 8 - Prob. 99PCh. 8 - Two pipes of identical length and material are...Ch. 8 - What are the primary considerations when selecting...Ch. 8 - What is the difference between laser Doppler...Ch. 8 - Prob. 103CPCh. 8 - Prob. 104CPCh. 8 - Explain how flow rate is measured with...Ch. 8 - Prob. 106CPCh. 8 - Prob. 107CPCh. 8 - Prob. 108CPCh. 8 - A 15-L kerosene tank (p = 820 kg/m3) is filled...Ch. 8 - Prob. 110PCh. 8 - Prob. 111PCh. 8 - Prob. 112PCh. 8 - Prob. 113PCh. 8 - Prob. 114EPCh. 8 - Prob. 115EPCh. 8 - Prob. 116PCh. 8 - A Venturi meter equipped with a differential...Ch. 8 - Prob. 119PCh. 8 - Prob. 120PCh. 8 - Prob. 121PCh. 8 - Prob. 122EPCh. 8 - Prob. 123PCh. 8 - The flow rate of water at 20°C (p = 998 kg/m3 and ...Ch. 8 - Prob. 125PCh. 8 - Prob. 126PCh. 8 - Prob. 127PCh. 8 - The conical container with a thin horizontal tube...Ch. 8 - Prob. 129PCh. 8 - The compressed air requirements of a manufacturing...Ch. 8 - A house built on a riverside is to be cooled iii...Ch. 8 - The velocity profile in fully developed lamina,...Ch. 8 - Prob. 133PCh. 8 - Two pipes of identical diameter and material are...Ch. 8 - Prob. 135PCh. 8 - Shell-and-tube heat exchangers with hundred of...Ch. 8 - Water at 15 C is to be dischaged froiti a...Ch. 8 - Consider flow front a reservoir through a...Ch. 8 - A pipelme ihat Eransports oil ai 4OC at a iate of...Ch. 8 - Repeat Prob. 8-140 for hot-water flow of a...Ch. 8 - Prob. 142PCh. 8 - Prob. 145EPCh. 8 - Prob. 146EPCh. 8 - In a hydroelectric power plant. water at 20°C is...Ch. 8 - Prob. 148PCh. 8 - Prob. 152PCh. 8 - The water at 20 C in a l0-m-diameter, 2-m-high...Ch. 8 - Prob. 155PCh. 8 - Find the total volume flow rate leaving a tank...Ch. 8 - Prob. 158PCh. 8 - Water is siphoned from a reservoir open to the...Ch. 8 - It is a well-known fact that Roman aqueduct...Ch. 8 - In a piping system, what is used to control the...Ch. 8 - Prob. 163PCh. 8 - Prob. 164PCh. 8 - Prob. 165PCh. 8 - Consider laminar flow of water in a...Ch. 8 - Water at 10 C flows in a 1.2-cm-diameter pipe at a...Ch. 8 - Engine oil at 20 C flows in a 15-cm-diamcter pipe...Ch. 8 - Prob. 169PCh. 8 - Watet flows in a I 5-cm-diameter pipe a, a...Ch. 8 - The pressure drop for a given flow is determined...Ch. 8 - Prob. 172PCh. 8 - Air at 1 atm and 25 C flows in a 4-cm-diameter...Ch. 8 - Hot combustion 8ases approximated as air at I atm...Ch. 8 - Air at 1 aim and 40 C flows in a 8-cm-diameter...Ch. 8 - The valve in a piping system cause a 3.1 in head...Ch. 8 - A water flow system involves a 180 return bend...Ch. 8 - Air flows in an 8-cm-diameter, 33-m-long pipe at a...Ch. 8 - Consider a pipe that branches out into two...Ch. 8 - Prob. 182PCh. 8 - Prob. 183PCh. 8 - Prob. 184PCh. 8 - Prob. 185PCh. 8 - Prob. 186PCh. 8 - Design an experiment to measure the viscosity of...Ch. 8 - During a camping trip you notice that water is...
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- Water is pumped from a large lower reservoir to a higher reservoir. Someone claims that if the head loss is negligible, the required pump head is equal to the elevation difference between the free surfaces of the two reservoirs. Do you agree?arrow_forwardExplain how flow rate is measured with a turbine flowmeter, and discuss how they compare to other types of flowmeters with respect to cost, head loss, and accuracy.arrow_forwardAir flows in an 8-cm-diameter, 33-m-long pipe at a velocity of 5.5 m/s. The piping system involves multiple flow restrictions with a total minor loss coefficient of 2.6. The friction factor of pipe is obtained from the Moody chart to be 0.025. The total head loss of this piping system is (a) 13.5 m (b) 7.6 m (c) 19.9 m (d) 24.5 m (e) 4.2 marrow_forward
- Water flows in a 15-cm-diameter pipe at a velocity of 1.8 m/s. If the head loss along the pipe is estimated to be 16 m, the required pumping power to overcome this head loss isarrow_forwardCalculate the water power available in the pipe flowing at the rate of 0.166 m3/s with total Head as 29.9 m. 48691.0 W 5.0 W 4963.4 W 48.7 Warrow_forwardWater at 15°C is to be discharged from a reservoir at a rate of 18 L/s using two horizontal cast iron pipes connected in series and a pump between them. The first pipe is 20 m long and has a 6-cm diameter, while the second pipe is 35 m long and has a 3-cm diameter. The water level in the reservoir is 30 m above the centerline of the pipe. The pipe entrance is sharp-edged, and losses associated with the connection of the pump are negligible. Neglecting the effect of the kinetic energy correction factor, determine the required pumping head and the minimum pumping power to maintain the indicated flow rate.arrow_forward
- Water at 15°C is to be discharged from a reservoir at a rate of 18 L/s using two horizontal cast iron pipes connected in series and a pump between them. The first pipe is 20 m long and has a 6-cm diameter, while the second pipe is 35 m long and has a 3-cm diameter. The water level in the reservoir is 30 m above the centerline of the pipe. The pipe entrance is sharp-edged, and losses associated with the connection of the pump are negligible.Using appropriate software, investigate the effect of the second pipe diameter on the required pumping head to maintain the indicated flow rate. Let the diameter vary from 1 to 10 cm in increments of 1 cm. Tabulate and plot the resultsarrow_forwardA pipeline that transports oil at 40°C at a rate of 3 m3/s branches out into two parallel pipes made of commercial steel that reconnect downstream. Pipe A is 500 m long and has a diameter of 30 cm while pipe B is 800 m long and has a diameter of 45 cm. The minor losses are considered to be negligible. Determine the flow rate through each of the parallel pipesarrow_forwardWater at 15°C is to be discharged from a reservoir at a rate of 18 L/s using two horizontal cast iron pipes connected in series and a pump between them. The first pipe is 5 m long and has a 6-cm diameter, while the second pipe is 5 m long and has a 4-cm diameter. The water level in the reservoir is 30 m above the centerline of the pipe. The pipe entrance is sharp-edged, and losses associated with the connection of the pump are negligible. Neglecting the effect of the kinetic energy correction factor, determine the required pumping head and the minimum pumping power to maintain the indicated flow rate. (The density and dynamic viscosity of water at 15°C are ρ = 999.1 kg/m3 and μ = 1.138x10-3 kg/m.s. The loss coefficient is KL = 0.5 for a sharp-edged entrance. The roughness of cast iron pipes is ε= 0.00026 m.)arrow_forward
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