Chapter 8, Problem 45A

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The balanced chemical equation for the reaction of potassium carbonate and magnesium chloride needs to be written. The precipitate formed (if) needs to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Precipitation lowers the concentration of the solute to the saturation in order to increase the stability of the solution. Solubility is the property of a solid, liquid or gas.

Answer to Problem 45A

Salts containing Cl^-, Br −or I - are generally soluble.

Salts containing group I elements (Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Cs⁺, Rb⁺) are soluble.

Explanation of Solution

Potassium carbonate and magnesium chloride reacts-

${\text{MgCl}}_{\text{2}}\left(aq\right){\text{+K}}_{\text{2}}{\text{CO}}_{\text{3}}\left(aq\right)\to {\text{MgCO}}_{\text{3}}\left(aq\right)\text{+2KCl}\left(aq\right)$

Potassium chloride − KCl soluble in water.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The balanced chemical equation for the reaction of barium chloride and iron (II) nitrate needs to be written. The precipitate formed (if) needs to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Precipitation lowers the concentration of the solute to the saturation in order to increase the stability of the solution. The solubility is the property of a solid, liquid or gas.

Answer to Problem 45A

Salts containing Cl^-, Br −or I - are generally soluble.

Explanation of Solution

Barium chloride and iron (II) nitrate reacts-

${\text{BaCl}}_{\text{2}}\left(aq\right)\text{+Fe}{\left({\text{NO}}_{\text{3}}\right)}_{\text{2}}\left(aq\right)\to \text{Ba}{\left({\text{NO}}_{\text{3}}\right)}_{\text{2}}\left(aq\right){\text{+2FeCl}}_{\text{2}}\left(aq\right)$

FeCl₂ −soluble

No precipitate is formed

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The balanced chemical equation for the reaction of calcium nitrate and sodium sulfate needs to be written. The precipitate formed (if) needs to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Precipitation lowers the concentration of the solute to the saturation in order to increase the stability of the solution. The solubility is the property of a solid, liquid or gas.

Answer to Problem 45A

Most sulphate salts are soluble. Few exceptions includes CaSO₄, BaSO_4, PbSO_4, Ag₂SO₄and SrSO_4.

Explanation of Solution

Calcium nitrate and sodium sulphate reacts-

${\mathrm{Na}}_{2}S{O}_4\left(aq\right)+Ca{\left(N{O}_3\right)}_2\left(aq\right)\to 2NaN{O}_3\left(aq\right)+CaS{O}_4\left(s\right)$

CaSO₄− Insoluble

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The balanced chemical equation for the reaction of sodium phosphate and copper (II) nitrate needs to be written. The precipitate formed (if) needs to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Precipitation lowers the concentration of the solute to the saturation in order to increase the stability of the solution. Solubility is the property of a solid, liquid or gas.

Answer to Problem 45A

All phosphates are insoluble except those of Na⁺, K⁺, NH₄⁺.

Salts containing group I elements(Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Cs⁺, Rb⁺) are soluble.

Phosphates such as Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and Ag₃PO₄ are frequently insoluble.

Salts containing nitrate ion (NO₃)^- are generally soluble.

Explanation of Solution

Sodium phosphate and copper (II) nitrate reacts-

${\text{2Na}}_{\text{3}}{\text{PO}}_{\text{4}}\left(aq\right)\text{+3Cu}{\left({\text{NO}}_{\text{3}}\right)}_{\text{2}}\left(aq\right)\to {\text{6NaNO}}_{\text{3}}\left(aq\right){\text{+Cu}}_{\text{3}}{\left({\text{PO}}_{\text{4}}\right)}_{\text{2}}\left(s\right)$

NaNO₃ − soluble

Cu₃(PO₄)₂ − Insoluble

Thus, precipitate is formed and that is Cu₃(PO₄)₂.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The balanced chemical equation for the reaction of potassium sulfate and lead (II) nitrate needs to be written. The precipitate formed (if) needs to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Precipitation lowers the concentration of the solute to the saturation in order to increase the stability of the solution. Solubility is the property of a solid, liquid or gas.

Answer to Problem 45A

Salts containing nitrate ion (NO₃)^- are generally soluble.

Most sulfate salts are soluble. Few exceptions include CaSO₄, BaSO_4, PbSO_4, Ag₂SO₄and SrSO_4.Salts containing group I elements(Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Cs⁺, Rb⁺) are soluble.

Explanation of Solution

Potassium sulfate and lead (II) nitrate reacts-

${\text{K}}_{\text{2}}{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}\left(aq\right)\text{+Pb}{\left({\text{NO}}_{\text{3}}\right)}_{\text{2}}\left(aq\right)\to {\text{2KNO}}_{\text{3}}\left(aq\right){\text{+PbSO}}_{\text{4}}\left(s\right)$

PbSO₄ − Insoluble

KNO₃ − Soluble

Thus, PbSO4 is a precipitate.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The balanced chemical equation for the reaction of calcium nitrate and lithium sulfide needs to be written. The precipitate formed (if) needs to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Precipitation lowers the concentration of the solute to the saturation in order to increase the stability of the solution. Solubility is the property of a solid, liquid or gas.

Answer to Problem 45A

Salts containing nitrate ion (NO₃)^- are generally soluble.

Salts containing group I elements(Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Cs⁺, Rb⁺) are soluble.

Explanation of Solution

Calcium nitrate and lithium sulfide react as follows:

  $L{i}_{2}S\left(aq\right)+Ca{N}_2{O}_6\left(aq\right)\to 2LiN{O}_3\left(aq\right)+CaS\left(aq\right)$

According to the rule, no precipitate is formed.