Concept explainers
The lattice energy of an ionic solid such as NaCl is the enthalpy change ΔH° for the process in which the solid changes to ions. For example,
Assume that the ionization energy and electron a affinity are ΔH values for the processes defined by those terms. The ionization energy of Na is 496 kJ/mol. Use this, the
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General Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Course List)
- Since the first ionization energy of rubidium is +403 kJ mol, how many kJ of energy is it required to convert 22.90 g gaseous rubidium to +1 monoatomic ion at constant temperature?arrow_forwardWhat has the highest number valence electrons: N, Ca, O, As, or I?arrow_forwardWrite electron configurations for the following ions of main group elements: (a) N3−, (b) Ba2+, and (c) Be2+.arrow_forward
- Suppose a chemist discovers a new metallic element and names it "Xtrinsium" (Xt). Xt exhibits chemical behaviour similar to an alkaline earth. Xt(s) + F2(g) → XtF2(s) Lattice energy for XtF2 -2360. kJ/mol First Ionization energy of Xt 520. kJ/mol Second Ionization energy of Xt 936 kJ/mol Electron affinity of F -327.8 kJ/mol Bond energy of F2 154 kJ/mol Enthalpy of sublimation (atomization) of Xt 180. kJ/mol Use the above data to calculate ΔH°f for Xtrinsium fluoride.arrow_forwardArrange these ions according to ionic radius. Ca2+, K+, Cl-, S^2-, P^3-arrow_forwardSuppose a chemist discovers a new metallic element and names it "Xhaustium" (Xh).Xh exhibits chemical behaviour similar to an alkaline earth. Xh(s) + F2(g) → XhF2(s) Lattice energy for XhF2 -2140. kJ/mol First Ionization energy of Xh 310. kJ/mol Second Ionization energy of Xh 589 kJ/mol Electron affinity of F -327.8 kJ/mol Bond energy of F2 154 kJ/mol Enthalpy of sublimation (atomization) of Xh 150. kJ/mol Use the above data to calculate ΔH°f for Xhaustium fluoride. Your answer must be accurate and precise to the nearest 1 kJ/mol, as are the given parameters.arrow_forward
- What amount of energy (kJ) is needed to completely ionize 2.78 mol hydrogen atoms?arrow_forwardBased on their positions in the periodic table, list the following ions in order of increasing radius: K+, Ca2+, Al3+, Si4+.arrow_forwardWhich species has the smallest atomic radius: 1. Li 2. Be 3. F 4. C Which would be the correct answer?arrow_forward
- Consider the Mg2+,Cl−,K+,and Se2− ions. The four spheres below represent these four ions, scaled according to ionic size. Match each ion to its appropriate sphere.arrow_forward13. Arrange the following elements in order of decreasing electronegativity: Br, Ca, Ge, K?○ Br<Ge<Ca<K ○ K<Ca<Ge<Br ○ Ge<Br<K<Ca ○ Ge<Ca<K<Br 14. Arrange the following elements in order of increasing electron affinity: Ne, Xe, Rn, Kr,?○ Kr<Ne<Rn<Xe ○ Ne<Kr<Xe<Rn ○ Xe<Rn<Ne<Kr ○ Rn<Xe<Kr<Ne15. Arrange the following elements in order of increasing atomic size: K, Rb, Na, Li?○ Na<Li<K<Rb ○ Li<Na<K<Rb ○ Li<Na<Rb<K ○ Rb<K<Na<Liarrow_forwardThe lattice energy of MgO is 3890 kJ/mol. The first and the second ionization energies (IE1 and IE2) of Mg are 738 kJ/mol and 1450.6 kJ/mol, respectively. The first ionization energy of O is 1314 kJ/mol. The first electron affinity (EA1) of O is +141 kJ/mol. Using these data, as well as data from a table of thermodynamic data at 1 atm and 25°C, determine the second electron affinity for oxygen, EA2(O). kJ/molarrow_forward
- General Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Cour...ChemistryISBN:9781305580343Author:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; DarrellPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage Learning