The mechanism for the given reaction has to be given. Concept Introduction: The polymers are formed from the repetition monomer units. The polymerization process occurs in three steps. 1. Chain initiation 2. Chain propagation and 3. Chain termination. Chain initiation occurs by the formation of radical from one of the monomer units. Propagation occurs by the reaction of the radicals with molecules. Chain termination occurs by neutralization of radicals.

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Answer 1

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Definition Definition Chemical process in which one or more monomers combine to produce a very large chain-like molecule called a polymer. The functional groups present on the monomers and their steric effects are responsible for polymerization through a sequence of reactions that vary in complexity. There exists a stable covalent chemical bond between monomers that sets apart polymerization from other processes.

Chapter 8, Problem 8.34P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The mechanism for the given reaction has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

The polymers are formed from the repetition monomer units. The polymerization process occurs in three steps.

1. Chain initiation

2. Chain propagation and

3. Chain termination.

Chain initiation occurs by the formation of radical from one of the monomer units. Propagation occurs by the reaction of the radicals with molecules. Chain termination occurs by neutralization of radicals.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The mechanism for the formation of poly(styrene) from styrene has to be given and at which end of the styrene double bond, the R· attacks has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

The polymers are formed from the repetition monomer units. The polymerization process occurs in three steps.

1. Chain initiation

2. Chain propagation and

3. Chain termination.

Chain initiation occurs by the formation of radical from one of the monomer units. Propagation occurs by the reaction of the radicals with molecules. Chain termination occurs by neutralization of radicals.

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(4) Describe the synthesis of plastic especially polyethylene, 1,1- dichloroethane, and polyvinyl chloride

(a) Describe the polymerization of a blend of maleic anhydride and 2-methyl-1,3- propanediol in the presence of an acid catalyst. Draw a chemical reaction scheme showing the intermediate and final products that are formed. Describe the reaction conditions that you would use to maximize the yield of polymer. (b) Draw the structure of the polymer, showing the repeat unit and end groups, that is obtained when the mole ratio of maleic anhydride to diol is 0.95 (c) What is the number average molecular weight of the polymer of Part (b) when the extent of reaction of maleic anhydride is (i) 90% and (ii) 100%. (d) Describe how the structure of the polymer is altered when it is further reacted with styrene in the presence of peroxide.

Concerning the polymers produced from monomers containing a single C=C double bond, the following generalizations are apparent: (a) The polymers produced are almost always unsubstituted (i.e. ethylene) or have one substituent on the double bond or two substituents on the same carbon atom of the double bond. Monomers containing one or more substituents on each carbon of the double bond seldom polymerize. (b) Most chain polymerizations are carried out by radical initiation; relatively few are produced by ionic initiation. Why? Explain the reasons for these generalizations

Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Chemical process in which one or more monomers combine to produce a very large chain-like molecule called a polymer. The functional groups present on the monomers and their steric effects are responsible for polymerization through a sequence of reactions that vary in complexity. There exists a stable covalent chemical bond between monomers that sets apart polymerization from other processes.

Chapter 8, Problem 8.34P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The mechanism for the given reaction has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

The polymers are formed from the repetition monomer units. The polymerization process occurs in three steps.

1. Chain initiation

2. Chain propagation and

3. Chain termination.

Chain initiation occurs by the formation of radical from one of the monomer units. Propagation occurs by the reaction of the radicals with molecules. Chain termination occurs by neutralization of radicals.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The mechanism for the formation of poly(styrene) from styrene has to be given and at which end of the styrene double bond, the R· attacks has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

The polymers are formed from the repetition monomer units. The polymerization process occurs in three steps.

1. Chain initiation

2. Chain propagation and

3. Chain termination.

Chain initiation occurs by the formation of radical from one of the monomer units. Propagation occurs by the reaction of the radicals with molecules. Chain termination occurs by neutralization of radicals.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Chemical process in which one or more monomers combine to produce a very large chain-like molecule called a polymer. The functional groups present on the monomers and their steric effects are responsible for polymerization through a sequence of reactions that vary in complexity. There exists a stable covalent chemical bond between monomers that sets apart polymerization from other processes.

Chapter 8, Problem 8.34P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The mechanism for the given reaction has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

The polymers are formed from the repetition monomer units. The polymerization process occurs in three steps.

1. Chain initiation

2. Chain propagation and

3. Chain termination.

Chain initiation occurs by the formation of radical from one of the monomer units. Propagation occurs by the reaction of the radicals with molecules. Chain termination occurs by neutralization of radicals.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The mechanism for the formation of poly(styrene) from styrene has to be given and at which end of the styrene double bond, the R· attacks has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

The polymers are formed from the repetition monomer units. The polymerization process occurs in three steps.

1. Chain initiation

2. Chain propagation and

3. Chain termination.

Chain initiation occurs by the formation of radical from one of the monomer units. Propagation occurs by the reaction of the radicals with molecules. Chain termination occurs by neutralization of radicals.

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Check out a sample textbook solution

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Chemical process in which one or more monomers combine to produce a very large chain-like molecule called a polymer. The functional groups present on the monomers and their steric effects are responsible for polymerization through a sequence of reactions that vary in complexity. There exists a stable covalent chemical bond between monomers that sets apart polymerization from other processes.

Chapter 8, Problem 8.34P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction