Internal Control: Internal control refers to the policies, and plans of the business organization along with other measures with a view to safeguard its assets, encourage the employees to adhere to the plans, to improve on the operational efficiency, and to ensure correct and reliable accounting information. Internal control is a process which ensures continuous reliability of accomplishment of a company’s objectives, related to operations, financial reporting, and in conformity with laws and regulations.
Five elements of internal control:
- Control Environment: Control Environment refers to the attitude of top brass of the company or the corporate culture. The top brass of the company must set the tone to improve the morale for rest of the employees of the business.
- Risk assessment: The business must be able identify the risk associated with it, and accordingly use the internal control to safeguard its assets and ensures fairness in presentation in accounting information.
- Control procedures: The objective of setting the control procedure is to ensure that the business achieves its objectives.
- Monitoring controls: The internal control used in the business is being monitored by the internal auditors who are hired by the business, to ensure that the employees are adhering to the policies of the business and running the operations efficiently. The external auditors on the other hand ensures that the business accounting records are being maintained in accordance with the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP).
- Information and communication: Information and communication system is important for a business and hence only authorized persons should be allowed the access to the confidential accounting information. Approvals are also should be made mandatory for the transactions by the
control system.
Given: Conversation between two cash register clerks.
To discuss: The case from the viewpoint of proper controls and professional behavior.
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Chapter 8 Solutions
Bundle: Accounting, Chapters 1-13, 26th + Working Papers, Chapters 1-17 For Warren/reeve/duchac's Accounting, 26th And Financial Accounting, 14th + ... For Warren/reeve/duchac's Accounting, 26th
- Sue is a customer account representative for ABC Company. She recently acquired several new accounts when a previous representative, Dan, took an early retirement. Sue reviewed each of Dan’s accounts to help familiarize herself with his clients and understand how she can better serve each one’s individual needs. As she was reviewing the client list, she found a major customer she had never heard of before. Surprised that she had not yet done business with the company, she called it to introduce herself as the new representative. When Sue placed the call, she found that the reported number had been disconnected. Thinking that the customer may have done business with ABC in the past and have moved on, she reviewed the account transactions and found that the most recent transaction had taken place the week prior. During her review, she also noticed the latest transaction was for an unusually large amount for ABC. As Sue pursued her curiosity, she went to other employees to find out more…arrow_forwardSue is a customer account representative for ABC Company. She recently acquired several new accounts when a previous representative, Dan, took an early retirement. Sue reviewed each of Dan’s accounts to help familiarize herself with his clients and understand how she can better serve each one’s individual needs. As she was reviewing the client list, she found a major customer she had never heard of before. Surprised that she had not yet done business with the company, she called it to introduce herself as the new representative. When Sue placed the call, she found that the reported number had been disconnected. Thinking that the customer may have done business with ABC in the past and have moved on, she reviewed the account transactions and found that the most recent transaction had taken place the week prior. During her review, she also noticed the latest transaction was for an unusually large amount for ABC. As Sue pursued her curiosity, she went to other employees to find out more…arrow_forwardMiss Maria has recently joined the accounting department of SISHGC Limited as an assistant accountant. During her first meeting with the accounting department, the head of the department has elaborated her the responsibilities related to the general ledger and subsidiary ledger. Miss Maria uses the source documents such as purchase orders, sales invoices, and suppliers’ invoices to prepare journal vouchers for general ledger entries. At the end of each working day, she posts the journal vouchers to the general ledger and the related subsidiary ledgers. At the end of each month, Miss Maria reconciles the subsidiary accounts to their control accounts in the general ledger to ensure that there is no difference in these accounts. Required: Discuss the internal control weaknesses and risks associated with the above process.arrow_forward
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- Suppose you are a part of a group of students from a prominent university and were sent out as a team to work with a leading merchandizing company as a part of a work experience program. The team having been introduced to the general manger was told that the Accountant who normally prepares the financial statements has suddenly resigned and there is no one available to prepare the company’s financial statements which are now due. As aspiring university students, you and your group members have expressed an interest in taking on the task. As a group, you are required to collaborate and analyse the problem at hand then apply the accrual basis of accounting in the preparation of the company’s financial statements. The following additional information is available at December 31, 2018: Insurance of $450,000 was paid on May 1, 2018 for the 10-months to February 2019. The furniture and fixtures have an estimated useful life of 10 years…arrow_forwardSuppose you are a part of a group of students from a prominent university and were sent out as a team to work with a leading merchandizing company as a part of a work experience program. The team having been introduced to the general manger was told that the Accountant who normally prepares the financial statements has suddenly resigned and there is no one available to prepare the company’s financial statements which are now due. As aspiring university students, you and your group members have expressed an interest in taking on the task. As a group, you are required to collaborate and analyse the problem at hand then apply the accrual basis of accounting in the preparation of the company’s financial statements. See attached Unadjusted Trial Balance and instructions to complete question.arrow_forwardDr. Helen Brown is the sister of one of your old high school teachers. You have been given her email address by someone who thinks she might have advice for you during your job search. Please ‘send’ her an email introducing yourself and asking for help. I'm looking for a current job in accounting.arrow_forward
- You are a summer intern working for a major professional services firm. During your lunch break each day, you and fellow intern, Bob, eat at a local sandwich shop. One day, Bob's girlfriend joins you for lunch. When the bill arrives, Bob pays with a company credit card and writes the meal off as a business expense. Bob and his girlfriend continue to be "treated" to lunch for a number of days. You know Bob is well aware of a recent memo that came down from management stating casual lunches are not valid business expenses. When you ask Bob about the charges, he replies, "Hey, we're interns. Those memos dont apply to us. We can expense anything we want." QUESTIONS: 1. Who are the relevant facts? 2. What Are the Ethical Issues? 3. Who Are the Primary Stakeholders? 4. What Are the Possible Alternatives? 5. What Are the Ethics of the Altermatives? 6. What Are the Practical Constraints? 7. What Actions Should Be Taken?arrow_forwardSuppose you are a part of a group of students from a prominent university and were sent out as a team to work with a leading merchandizing company as a part of a work experience program. The team having been introduced to the general manger was told that the Accountant who normally prepares the financial statements has suddenly resigned and there is no one available to prepare the company’s financial statements which are now due. As aspiring university students, you have expressed an interest in taking on the task. You are required to analyse the problem at hand then apply the accrual basis of accounting in the preparation of the company’s financial statements.arrow_forwardAlex Wong, CPA, is a sole practitioner. He is having lunch with one of his long-time clients, Hudson Hughes. Hudson is very excited because he just hired a new bookkeeper, Laura Ling. This name seems familiar to Alex and so after lunch he does a web search and finds a picture of Laura on the Internet. He realizes that he knows Laura because she used to be the bookkeeper for a previous client, Mark's Meats. He remembers her because she was fired for stealing from Mark's. He recalls that she took cash from the cash sales and altered the sales and deposit records to hide the theft. The owner, Mark, didn't believe she stole a large sum before the theft was discovered. Because she was a single mother with small children, Mark fired her but did not get anyone else involved. Alex only knew about the theft because he conducted a review engagement of Mark's Meats for the year the fraud took place. Alex is concerned for Hudson Hughes, Laura's new employer, but he is not sure what he should do.…arrow_forward
- College Accounting (Book Only): A Career ApproachAccountingISBN:9781337280570Author:Scott, Cathy J.Publisher:South-Western College Pub
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