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8.52 Rank the following hydrocarbons in order of increasing vapor pressure:
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Chapter 8 Solutions
Bundle: Chemistry for Engineering Students, 3rd, Loose-Leaf + OWLv2 with Quick Prep and Student Solutions Manual 24-Months Printed Access Card
- 16). Using the thermochemical data below calculate the lattice energy for the formation of Na₂O. Na(s) → Na(g) 107.3 kJ/mol Na(g) → Na (g) + 1 e - 495.9 kJ/mol -418 kJ/mol 249.1 kJ/mol -141 kJ/mol -1484.5 kJ/mol 2 Na(s) + O₂(g) →→→ Na₂O(s) 1/2 O₂(g) → 0(g) O(g) + 1 e→O(g) O(g) +1e0²(g)arrow_forwardCalculate the lattice enthalpy for RbC1. You will need the following information: Species AfH°, kJ/mol Rb(g) RbCl(s) Cl(g) 80.9 - 435.4 121.3 Enthalpy of ionization for Rb(g) is 403.0 kJ/mol; electron attachment enthalpy for Cl(g) is −349.0 kJ/mol. Lattice enthalpy = kJ/molarrow_forwardUse principles of atomic structure to answer each of the following: (1] (a) The radius of the Ca atom is 197 pm; the radius of the Ca2* ion is 99 pm. Account for the difference. (b) The lattice energy of CaO(s) is –3460 kJ/mol; the lattice energy of K20 is –2240 kJ/mol. Account for the difference. (c) Given these ionization values, explain the difference between Ca and K with regard to their first and second ionization energies. Element First lonization Energy (kJ/mol) Second lonization Energy (kJ/mol) K 419 3050 Ca 590 1140 (d) The first ionization energy of Mg is 738 kJ/mol and that of Al is 578 kJ/mol. Account for this difference.arrow_forward
- A baker uses sodium hydrogen carbonate (baking soda) asthe leavening agent in a banana-nut quickbread. The baking sodadecomposes according to two possible reactions: 2NaHCO₃(s)→Na₂CO₃(s)+CO₂(g)+H₂O(l) , NaHCO₃(s)+H⁺(aq)→Na⁺(aq)+CO₂(g)+H₂O(l) Calculate the volume (in mL) of CO₂ that forms at 200°C and0.975 atm per gram of NaHCO₃ by each of the reaction processes.arrow_forward(a) Based on the lattice energies of MgCl2 and SrCl2 given inTable 8.1, what is the range of values that you would expectfor the lattice energy of CaCl2? (b) Using data from AppendixC, Figure 7.11, Figure 7.13, and the value of the secondionization energy for Ca, 1145 kJ>mol, calculate the latticeenergy of CaCl2.arrow_forwardEstimate ΔrH° for forming 2 mol ammonia from molecular nitrogen and molecular hydrogen. Is this reaction exothermic or endothermic?arrow_forward
- Use a Born-Haber cycle (Sec. 5-13) to calculate the lattice energy of MgF2 using these thermodynamic data. Compare this lattice energy with that of SrF2, −2496 kJ/mol. Explain the difference in the values in structural terms.arrow_forwardThe reaction of quicklime, CaO, with water produces slaked lime, Ca(OH)2, which is widely used in the construction industry to make mortar and plaster. The reaction of quicklime and water is highly exothermic: CaO(s)+H2O(l)Ca(OH)2(s)H=350kJmol1 (a) What is the enthalpy of reaction per gram of quicklime that reacts?. (b) How much heat, in kilojoules, is associated with the production of 1 ton of slaked lime?arrow_forwardWhat is a driving force? Name two common and important driving forces, and give an example of each. What is entropy? Although the total energy of the universe is constant, is the entropy of the universe constant? What is a spontaneous process?arrow_forward
- 18. (a) Molecule N₂H4 (1) + 2 H₂O2 (1) → N2(g) + 4 H₂O (1) Complete the following table: Lewis Dot Structure (use dots or lines to show bonds) (b) (c) (d) N₂H4 H₂O2 N₂ H₂O Calculate the AH°rxn using average bond energies (Table 9.4 in textbook) Calculate the AH°rxn using the standard enthalpies of formation (Appendix 2 in textbook) Why are these two values slightly different?arrow_forwardUse the following data to estimate Delta Hf for potassium chloride. K(s) + 1/2 Cl2(g) -> KCl(s) Lattice energy of KCl(s) –690. kJ/mol Ionization energy for K(g) 419 kJ/mol Electron affinity of Cl(g) –349 kJ/mol Bond energy of Cl2(g) 239 kJ/mol Enthalpy of sublimation for K (s) 90. kJ/mol = ?kJ/molarrow_forwardFor each reaction, identify another quantity that is equal to AHn. CH,(g) + 20,(g) → CO,(g) + 2 H,0(1) CH,(g) → C(g) + 4 H(g) O enthalpy of formation of CO, (g) -4 x bond energy of C-H 4 x bond energy of C-H enthalpy of formation of C(g) O enthalpy of combustion of CH 4 x bond energy of C–H O -4 x bond energy of C–H O enthalpy of combustion of CH, C (graphite) + 2 H,(g) → CH,(g) C(g) + 4 H(g) → CH,(g) O 4x bond energy of C-H O -4 x bond energy of C-H enthalpy of combustion of C O -4 x bond energy of C-H O enthalpy of formation of CH,(g) O enthalpy of formation of CH,(g) enthalpy of combustion of CH, 4 x bond energy of C-Harrow_forward
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