Concept explainers
Interpretation:
The resonance structures of the
Concept introduction:
For many molecules, it is impossible to explain all their properties by a single Lewis structure. In such a case, more than one Lewis structure is drawn to explain the properties. Such structures of a compound are called resonating structures, and this phenomenon is called resonance.
Resonating structure are represented by double headed arrow.
Resonance structure differs only in the position of their electrons, not in the positions of their atoms.
Resonance structures are hypothetical and cannot be isolated.
The rules for drawing the resonance structures are as follows:
Only lone pair of electrons and pi electrons can participate in conjugation in the formation of various resonating structures.
The single bonds present in the molecule do not break or form in the resonance structures.
The placement of atoms present in the molecule remains fixed.
The octet of all atoms is completely filled.
Due to the attraction toward electrons, the ions and molecules get some charge on them, which is called formal charge.
The formal charge is given by:
Formal charge = Total number of valence electrons in a free atom –total number of associated electrons.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 8 Solutions
Student Study Guide for Chemistry
- Write all resonance structures of chlorobenzene, C6H5Cl, a molecule with the same cyclic structure as benzene. In all structures, keep the CCl bond as a single bond. Which resonance structures are the most important?arrow_forwardThree known isomers exist of N2CO, with the atoms in these sequences: NOCN; ONNC; and ONCN. Write resonance structures for each isomer and use formal charge to predict which isomer is the most stable.arrow_forwardUsing the bond dissociation enthalpies in Table 8.8, estimate the enthalpy of combustion of gaseous methane, CH4, to give water vapor and carbon dioxide gas.arrow_forward
- Nitrosyl azide, N4O, is a pale yellow solid first synthesized in 1993. Write the Lewis structure for nitrosyl azide.arrow_forwardDraw Lewis structures for these ions and show which atom (or atoms) in each bears the formal charge. Q.) OH-arrow_forwardCalculate formal charges from Lewis structures and use those formal charges to identify dominant Lewis structures in a molecule or ion.arrow_forward
- Draw Lewis structures for these ions and show which atom (or atoms) in each bears the formal charge. Q.) CH3NH3+arrow_forwardDraw Lewis structure of H3PO4 and label the formal chargesarrow_forwardDraw three resonance structures for carbonate ion, CO32-, and assign formal charges on all the atoms.arrow_forward
- Chemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: Principles and PracticeChemistryISBN:9780534420123Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward MercerPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781337399074Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage Learning