LIFE:SCIENCE OF BIOL.(LL) >CUSTOM<
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319209957
Author: Sadava
Publisher: MAC HIGHER
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Chapter 8.2, Problem 2R
Summary Introduction
To review:
Whether the given reaction is exergonic or endergonic and ATP is hydrolyzed or released during the reaction.
Given:
The given reaction is as follows:
Introduction:
The
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When grown anaerobically on glucose, yeast (S. cerevisiae) converts pyruvate to acetaldehyde, then reduces acetaldehyde to
Pethanol using electrons from NADH.
Write the chemical equation for the reaction that reduces acetaldehyde (CH3CHO) to ethanol (CH3CH2OH).
The table provides the standard reduction potential, E', of the relevant half-reactions.
Half-reaction
Acetaldehyde + 2 H+ + 2e¯ → ethanol
NAD+ + 2H+ + 2e¯ → NADH + H+
E'° (V)
-.197
-.320
Calculate the equilibrium constant, K'eq, at 25.0 °C for the reaction that reduces acetaldehyde to ethanol.
K'e
×10
=
eq
In a major metabolic pathway involving the monosaccharide glucose, one of the reactions involve the conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate summarized
below together with accompanying free energy change:
glucose + phosphate =
glucose-6-phosphate + H,0 AG = 13.8 kJ · mol-1 (Reaction 1)
In cells, the production of G6P (Reaction 1 above) is coupled to a reaction that involves the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP (shown below, Reaction 2) which makes the
overall reaction much more favorable to the production of glucose-6-phosphate.
ATP + H,O = ADP + phosphate
(Reaction 2)
Why do you think coupling the production of glucose-6-phosphate to the hydrolysis of ATP makes the overall reaction spontaneous? What can you say about
the free energy change accompanying the hydrolysis of ATP (Reaction 2)?
Balance the following net reaction that occurs during oxidative phosphorylation. Use the smallest whole integers possible for the reaction stoichiometry.
NADH+ FADH₂ + ADP+ 0₂+H+PO, ¹
NAD+FAD+ ATP+
+H₂O
Chapter 8 Solutions
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- What terms would best describe the above coupled reaction? (If the DGo for ATP hydrolysis into ADP + inorganic phosphate is -7.3 kcal/mole, and the DGo for maltose synthesis from glucose + glucose is +3.7 kcal/mole, calculate the standard free energy change for the combined reaction of ATP + glucose + glucose g ADP + maltose + inorganic phosphate.) it is non-spontaneous and endothermic (because the overall DGo is negative) it is spontaneous and exothermic (because the overall DGo is negative) it is non-spontaneous and endothermic (because the overall DGo is positive) it is spontaneous and exothermic (because the overall DGo is positive) it is non-spontaneous and exothermic (because the overall DGo is negative)arrow_forwardConsider a series of experiments in which 32P-labeled inorganic phosphate were introduced to erythrocytes (red blood cells) undergoing glycolysis. Would you expect to see the labeled phosphate in any glycolytic intermediates? If so, which and at what relative concentrations?arrow_forwardDecylic acid is a saturated fatty acid that occurs naturally in coconut oil and palm kernel oil. Calculate the net ATP yield when decylic acid undergoes complete B oxidation. The formula of decylic acid is shown below: (Given: The oxidation of one NADH yields 2.5 ATP; the oxidation of one FADH2 yields 1.5 ATP; and the oxidation of one acetyl CoA yields 10 ATP.) O 50 ATP O 52 ATP 66 ATP OH O 64 ATParrow_forward
- The standard free energy variation of the ATP hydrolysis reaction is ΔGº’ = -30.5 kJ / mol ATP + H2O ⇄ ADP + Pi In red blood cells, when the concentration of Pi is 1.6 mM, the real change in energy free is ΔG = - 50'2 kJ / mol. a) Calculate under these conditions what is the ratio [ATP] / [ADP] in the red blood cells. b) Determine the equilibrium constant K 'of the reaction outlined above. c) If the ADP concentration were 0.2mM, what would be the effective concentration of ATP corresponding to equilibrium.arrow_forwardConsider the following phosphoryl group transfer reaction which is the first step in glucose catabolism by glycolysis: Glucose + ATP + Glucose 6-phosphate + ADP The AG for the reaction is -16.7 kJ/mol. (R= 8.314 J/(K. mol) (a) Calculate Keq for the reaction at 25°C (b) What is the ratio of [Glucose 6-phosphate] to [Glucose] if the ratio of [ADP] to [ATP] is 10?arrow_forwardGiven the following information, calculate the catalytic efficiency of the enzyme. Step by step please [S] = 100 mM k1 = 10 sec-1 k2 = 3000 sec-1 k-1 = 20 sec-1 [E]T = 1 \muμMarrow_forward
- a) Draw one example of an interaction the enzyme could provide that would stabilize this transition state. please draw it by hand so i can understand it better. b) What is the consequence of this stabilization for the overall reaction? Briefly explain your reasoning.arrow_forwardwhich staments are falsearrow_forwardShown below are reduction potentials for four half-reactions. Which of the coupled reactions is favorable? (Note that for Cytochrome c you must multiply the reduction potential by 2 for each coupled reaction because only one electron is involved) a) 2 Cytochrome c (Fe3+) + H2O ó 2 Cytochrome c (Fe2+) + O2 b) NADH + Succinate- ó NAD+ + Fumarate- c) Fumarate- + H2O ó Succinate- + O2 d) All of the abovearrow_forward
- Most individuals with genetic defects in oxidative phosphorylation are found to have relatively high concentrations of alanine in their blood. how this in biochemical terms? please help :)arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements are False?arrow_forwardConsider the following list of phosphorylated compounds with their free energy changes of phosphate hydrolysis: Glucose-1-phosphate (-5.0 kcal/mol), PEP (-14.8 kcal/mole), 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate (-11.8 kcal/mole) and Glucose-6-Phosphate (-3.3 kcal/mol). Given that the free energy change of ATP hydrolysis is -7.3 kcal/mole, which of these molecules be directly synthesized by the transfer of a phospho- group from ATP? 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate Glucose-6-phosphate All of those phosphorylated compounds. PEP Glucose-1-phosphatearrow_forward
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