The article “Modeling Resilient Modulus and Temperature Correction for Saudi Roads” (H. Wahhab, I. Asi, and R. Ramadhan, Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 2001:298–305) describes a study designed to predict the resilient modulus of pavement from physical properties. The following table presents data for the resilient modulus at 40°C in 106 kPa (y), the surface area of the aggregate in m2/kg (x1), and the softening point of the asphalt in °C (x2).
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- In the article “Groundwater Electromagnetic Imaging in Complex Geological and Topographical Regions: A Case Study of a Tectonic Boundary in the French Alps” (S. Houtot, P. Tarits, et al., Geophysics, 2002:1048–1060), the pH was measured for several water samples in various locations near Gittaz Lake in the French Alps. The results for 11 locations on the northern side of the lake and for 6 locations on the southern side are as follows: Northern side: 8.1 8.2 8.1 8.2 8.2 7.4 7.3 7.4 8.1 8.1 7.9 Southern side: 7.8 8.2 7.9 7.9 8.1 8.1 Find a 98% confidence interval for the difference in pH between the northern and southern side.arrow_forwardThe article “Effect of Varying Solids Concentration and Organic Loading on the Performance of Temperature Phased Anaerobic Digestion Process” (S. Vandenburgh and T. Ellis, Water Environment Research, 2002:142–148) discusses experiments to determine the effect of the solids concentration on the performance of treatment methods for wastewater sludge. In the first experiment, the concentration of solids (in g/L) was 43.94 ± 1.18. In the second experiment, which was independent of the first, the concentration was 48.66 ± 1.76. Estimate the difference in the concentration between the two experiments, and find the uncertainty in the estimate.arrow_forwardThe article “Withdrawal Strength of Threaded Nails” (D. Rammer, S. Winistorfer, and D. Bender, Journal of Structural Engineering 2001:442–449) describes an experiment comparing the ultimate withdrawal strengths (in N/mm) for several types of nails. For an annularly threaded nail with shank diameter 3.76 mm driven into spruce-pine-fir lumber, the ultimate withdrawal strength was modeled as lognormal with μ = 3.82 and σ = 0.219. For a helically threaded nail under the same conditions, the strength was modeled as lognormal with μ = 3.47 and σ = 0.272. a) What is the mean withdrawal strength for annularly threaded nails? b) What is the mean withdrawal strength for helically threaded nails? c) For which type of nail is it more probable that the withdrawal strength will be greater than 50 N/mm? d) What is the probability that a helically threaded nail will have a greater withdrawal strength than the median for annularly threaded nails? e) An experiment is performed in which withdrawal…arrow_forward
- A study of the properties of metal plate-connected trusses used for roof support yielded the following observations on axial stiffness index (kips/in.) for plate lengths 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 in: 4: 323.2 409.5 311.0 326.5 316.8 349.8 309.7 6: 423.1 347.2 361.0 404.5 331.0 348.9 381.7 8: 393.4 366.2 351.0 357.1 409.9 367.3 382.0 10: 362.7 452.9 461.4 433.1 410.6 384.2 362.6 12: 418.4 441.8 419.9 410.7 473.4 441.2 465.8 Does variation in plate length have any effect on true average axial stiffness? State the relevant hypotheses using analysis of variance. H0: ?1 ≠ ?2 ≠ ?3 ≠ ?4 ≠ ?5Ha: at least two ?i's are equalH0: ?1 = ?2 = ?3 = ?4 = ?5Ha: all five ?i's are unequal H0: ?1 = ?2 = ?3 = ?4 = ?5Ha: at least two ?i's are unequalH0: ?1 ≠ ?2 ≠ ?3 ≠ ?4 ≠ ?5Ha: all five ?i's are equal Test the relevant hypotheses using analysis of variance with ? = 0.01. Display your results in an ANOVA table. (Round your answers to two decimal places.) Source Degrees offreedom Sum…arrow_forwardThe aging Neotropical termites (Neocapritermes taracua) secrete a sticky, blue-colored liquid that they spew to intruding termites. The younger Neotropical termites secrete a liquid that lacks the blue component, so it is white in appearance. In an experiment that measured the toxicity of the blue substance, the researchers placed one drop of either the blue liquid or the white liquid on individuals of a second termite species, Labiotermes labralis. Of the 41 Labiotermes labralis that got the blue drop, 37 were immobilized. Of the 40 Labiotermes labralis that got the white drop, 9 were immobilized. Is the blue liquid toxic compared to the white liquid?arrow_forwardThe spike stature of the plants grown from the seeds of the porcine separates (Dactylis glomerata L) collected from the University campus and İbradı Eynif pasture are given below. In this plant, compare whether there is a difference between regions in terms of spike height. Virgo Height (cm) Data obtained from plants collected from university campus 5 6 8 7 8 6 5 5 4 6 6 Data obtained from plants collected from Eynif pasture 12 9 11 9 9 11 9 10 11 10 Note: Your results interpretation according to two different possibilities (Do it separately, assuming that it is 0.07 and 0.04).arrow_forward
- A deficiency of the trace element selenium in the diet can negatively impact growth, immunity, muscle and neuromuscular function, and fertility. The introduction of selenium supplements to dairy cows is justified when pastures have low selenium levels. Authors of the article “Effects of Short-Term Supplementation with Selenised Yeast on Milk Production and Composition of Lactating Cows” (Australian J. of Dairy Tech., 2004: 199–203) supplied the following data on milk selenium concentration (mg/L) for a sample of cows given a selenium supplement and a control sample given no supplement, both initially and after a 9-day period. Obs Init Se Init Cont Final Se Final Cont 1 11.4 9.1 138.3 9.3 2 9.6 8.7 104 8.8 3 10.1 9.7 96.4 8.8 4 8.5 10.8 89 10.1 5 10.3 10.9 88 9.6 6 10.6 10.6 103.8 8.6 7 11.8 10.1 147.3 10.4 8 9.8 12.3 97.1 12.4 9 10.9 8.8 172.6 9.3 10 10.3…arrow_forwardThe data given is shown below 40 40 43 46 44 49 51 54 46 51 47 49 49 45 45 44 45 41 49 52 51 54 50 51 41 52 53 50 46 56 42 42 40 42 49 47 51 48 46 57 48 55 49 46 57 44 49 43 44 43 51 48 48 46 49 Class width = 6 Find the following: A. Decile (5th) B. Quartile (2nd) C. Skewness D. Kurtosisarrow_forwardONLY THE LAST ONE Consider the accompanying data on flexural strength (MPa) for concrete beams of a certain type. 5.9 7.2 7.3 6.3 8.1 6.8 7.0 7.5 6.8 6.5 7.0 6.3 7.9 9.0 8.4 8.7 7.8 9.7 7.4 7.7 9.7 8.2 7.7 11.6 11.3 11.8 10.7 The data below give accompanying strength observations for cylinders. 6.5 5.8 7.8 7.1 7.2 9.2 6.6 8.3 7.0 8.3 7.8 8.1 7.4 8.5 8.9 9.8 9.7 14.1 12.6 11.9 Prior to obtaining data, denote the beam strengths by X1, . . . , Xm and the cylinder strengths by Y1, . . . , Yn. Suppose that the Xi's constitute a random sample from a distribution with mean μ1 and standard deviation σ1 and that the Yi's form a random sample (independent of the Xi's) from another distribution with mean μ2 and standard deviation σ2. (a) Use rules of expected value to show that X − Y is an unbiased estimator of μ1 − μ2. E(X − Y) = E(X) − E(Y) = μ1 − μ2 E(X − Y) = E(X) − E(Y) 2 = μ1 − μ2 E(X − Y) = nm E(X) − E(Y) = μ1 − μ2 E(X −…arrow_forward
- The efficiency ratio for a steel specimen immersed in a phosphating tank is the weight of the phosphate coating divided by the metal loss (both in mg/ft2). The article “Statistical Process Control of a Phosphate Coating Line” (Wire J. Intl., May 1997: 78–81) gave the accompanying data on tank temperature (x) and efficiency ratio (y).Temp. 170 172 173 174 174 175 176Ratio .84 1.31 1.42 1.03 1.07 1.08 1.04Temp. 177 180 180 180 180 180 181Ratio 1.80 1.45 1.60 1.61 2.13 2.15 .84Temp. 181 182 182 182 182 184 184Ratio 1.43 .90 1.81 1.94 2.68 1.49 2.52Temp. 185 186 188Ratio 3.00 1.87 3.08a. Construct stem-and-leaf displays of both temperature and efficiency ratio, and comment on interesting features.b. Is the value of efficiency ratio completely and uniquely determined by tank temperature? Explain your reasoning.c. Construct a scatterplot of the data. Does it appear that efficiency ratio could be very well predicted by the value of temperature? Explain your reasoning.arrow_forwardAn article in Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy (2005, Vol. 13, pp. 273-279) considered arthroscopic meniscal repair with an absorbable screw. Results showed that for tears greater than 25 millimeters, 14 of 18 (78%) repairs were successful, but for shorter tears, 22 of 30 (73%) repairs were successful. A doctor would like to know if there is evidence that the success rate is greater for longer tears. The P-value for the test H0: p1 = p2 versus H1: p1 > p2 is closest to:arrow_forwardA fast-food chain decided to carry out an experiment to assess the influence of advertising expenditure on sales. Different relative changes in advertising expenditure, compared to the previous year, were made in eight regions of the country, and resulting changes in sales levels were observed the accompanying table shows the results. Increase in advertising expenditure (%) 0 5 15 20 25 30 35 40 Increase in sales (%) 5 10 18 25 35 50 60 65 Determine the value of ∑X, ∑X2, ∑Y, ∑Y2, ∑XY. Where X represent independent variable and Y for dependent variable. Determine and interpret the coefficient of correlation between the two variables. Determine the value of regressions coefficients and write down the simple linear regression model.…arrow_forward
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