CAMPBELL BIOLOGY VOL. 1 W/ACCESS
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781323744130
Author: Reece
Publisher: PEARSON C
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Chapter 9, Problem 13TYU
EVOLUTION CONNECTION AIP synthases are found in the prokaryotic plasma membrane and in mitochondria and chloroplasts. (a) Propose a hypothesis to account for an evolutionary relationship of these eukaryotic organelles and prokaryotes. (b) Explain how the amino acid sequences of the ATP synthases from the different sources could he used to support or refute your hypothesis.
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Chapter 9 Solutions
CAMPBELL BIOLOGY VOL. 1 W/ACCESS
Ch. 9.1 - Compare and contrast aerobic and anaerobic...Ch. 9.1 - WHAT IF? If the following redox reaction...Ch. 9.2 - VISUAL SKILLS During the redox reaction in...Ch. 9.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 9.3 - What process in your cells produce the CO2 that...Ch. 9.3 - VISUAL SKILLS The conversions shown in Figure...Ch. 9.4 - WHAT IF? What effect would an absence of O2 have...Ch. 9.4 - WHAT IF? In the absence of O2 as in question 1,...Ch. 9.4 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Membranes must be fluid to...Ch. 9.5 - Consider the NADH formed during glycolysis. What...
Ch. 9.5 - WHAT IF? A glucose-fed yeast cell is moved from...Ch. 9.6 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Compare the structure of a fat...Ch. 9.6 - Prob. 2CCCh. 9.6 - Prob. 3CCCh. 9.6 - VISUAL SKILLS During intense exercise, can a...Ch. 9 - Describe the difference between the two processes...Ch. 9 - Which reactions in glycolysis are the source of...Ch. 9 - What molecular products indicate the complete...Ch. 9 - Briefly explain the mechanism by which ATP...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.5CRCh. 9 - Prob. 9.6CRCh. 9 - Level 1: Knowledge/Comprehension 1. The immediate...Ch. 9 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 9 - 3. The final electron acceptor of the electron...Ch. 9 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 9 - What is the oxidizing agent in the following...Ch. 9 - When electrons flow along the electron transport...Ch. 9 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 9 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 9 - MAKE CONNECTIONS The proton pump shown in Figures...Ch. 9 - VISUAL SKILLS This Computer model shows the four...Ch. 9 - INTERPRET THE DATA Phosphofructokinase is an...Ch. 9 - DRAW IT The graph here shows the pH difference...Ch. 9 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION AIP synthases are found in...Ch. 9 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY In the 1930s, some physicians...Ch. 9 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: ORGANIZATION In a short essay...Ch. 9 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is sold...
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- Luckily, protons (a.k.a. hydrogen ions or H+) are small enough to passively go right through a membrane, otherwise mitochondria would have to work too hard to regenerate ATP! True or False?arrow_forwardHelp is appreciated. Think of an unusual eukaryotic species in which its ATP synthase has 12 subunits for its c ring. How many ATP molecules can be produced per pair of electrons that traverse the respiratory chian starting at Complex I? A. 2 ATP/2e- B. 1 ATP/2e- C. 0.5 ATP/2e- D. 1.5 ATP/2e- E. 3 ATP/2e-arrow_forwardATP synthase of mitochondria: the structure and principles ofwork. F0and F1subunits of ATP synthase: their functional valuearrow_forward
- Hi can you please answer to those questions explain this to me , if possible giving examples . Thanks A 45 year old man was rushed to the ER after ingesting "Galaxodin," a hypothetical poison. Explain why Galaxodin is toxic knowing that it increases the pH of the intermembrane space of mitochondria! You will need to give a comprehensive explanation of the process of energy conversion starting from NAH ending in ATP under normal conditions. Include details such as the transfer of electrons, the proton gradient, and chemiosmosis, NADH and FADH2, and ATP synthase must be mentioned. The majority of your grade will come from this part. Then explain why Galaxodin is so toxic!arrow_forwardassuming each NADH produces 3 ATP and each fadh2 produces 2 ATP in oxidative phosphorylation (perfect world scenario), how many ATP molecules can one glucose molecule make via cellular respiration under aerobic conditions?arrow_forwardDescribe in broad outline the stucture of ATP synthase(what parts make up the molecule and how are these bound in relation to each other? And how this enzyme catalyzes the synthesis of ATP mitochondriaarrow_forward
- DRAW IT The graph here showsthe pH difference across theinner mitochondrial membraneover time in an actively respiringcell. At the time indicated by thevertical arrow, a metabolic poisonis added that specifically andcompletely inhibits all function ofmitochondrial ATP synthase. Drawwhat you would expect to see forthe rest of the graphed line, andexplain your graph.arrow_forwardThe researchers did not study the effects of NADH, ADP and ATP on the enzyme. Given what you know of their roles in GAPDH, classify each as an activator or an inhibitor of the enzyme. What overall consideration having to do with how glycolysis is regulated allowed you to make these inferences, without having any data? Would ADP, a reactant of the phosphorylating pathway, tend to inhibit the competing non-phosphorylating pathway in order to get more ATP made? And the opposite for ATP whose presence indicates that pathway may not be needed any more?arrow_forwardApply your understanding of the various components of the electron transport chain to evaluatehow the roles of ubiquinone and cytochrome c differ from those of the other components. Whatrole does NADH and FADH2 play in redox reactions?arrow_forward
- Figures A and B show ion H+ flow across membranes and ATP generation through membrane-bound ATP synthase. Which of the following best describes the specific gradients driving ATP synthesis in figures A and B? Figure A shows the proton gradient during oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria, while figure B shows the proton gradient during photophosphorylation in chloroplasts. Figure A shows the NAD+ gradient during oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria, while figure B shows the NADPH gradient during photophosphorylation in chloroplasts. Figure A shows the NAD+ gradient during the Krebs cycle and chemiosmosis in mitochondria, while figure B shows the NADPH gradient during the Calvin cycle and chemiosmosis in chloroplasts. Figure A shows the proton gradient during the Krebs cycle and chemiosmosis in mitochondria, while figure B shows the proton gradient during the Calvin cycle and chemiosmosis in chloroplasts.arrow_forwardBoth cellular respiration and photosynthesis use APT synthase to generate APT. Please describe areas with higher and lower H+ concentration in both organelle. Describe the active and passive movement of protons. Name all membranes and areas involved in this process.arrow_forwardBiochemists spent decades looking for a "high energy intermediate" that linked the production of reducing equivalents from glycolysis and the TCA cycle to the production of ATP. They were unsuccessful until Peter Mitchell put aside that search and proposed a different mechanism known as the chemiosmotic theory. Describe the chemiosmotic theory as well as the experiment that proved it was correct.arrow_forward
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