University Physics Volume 3
17th Edition
ISBN: 9781938168185
Author: William Moebs, Jeff Sanny
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 9, Problem 15CQ
If the election number density (N/V) of a metal increases by a factor 8, what happens to the Fermi energy (EF)?
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What is the Fermi energy of gold (a monovalent metal with molar mass 197 g/mol and density 19.3 g/cm3)?
For the free electrons in a solid, what is the value of the E/EF ratio knowing that the occupancy factor of the energy level E is equal to 0.05 at a temperature such that kT=EF/4? (NOTE: EF is the Fermi energy).
On which of the following does the interval between adjacent energy levels in the highest occupied band of a metal depend: (a) the material of which the sample is made, (b) the size of the sample, (c) the position of the level in the band, (d) the temperature of the sample, (e) the Fermi energy of the metal?
Chapter 9 Solutions
University Physics Volume 3
Ch. 9 - Check Your Understanding Why is the potential...Ch. 9 - Check Your Understanding What does the energy...Ch. 9 - Check Your Understanding If the dissociation...Ch. 9 - Check Your Understanding What happens to the...Ch. 9 - Check Your Understanding How does the magnitude of...Ch. 9 - Check Your Understanding What conditions are...Ch. 9 - What is the main difference between an ionic bond,...Ch. 9 - For the following cases, what type of bonding...Ch. 9 - Describe three steps to ionic bonding.Ch. 9 - What prevents a positive and negative ion from...
Ch. 9 - For the H2 molecule, why must the spins the...Ch. 9 - Does the absorption spectrum of the diatomic...Ch. 9 - Rank the energy spacing (E) of the following...Ch. 9 - Explain key features of a vibrational-rotation...Ch. 9 - Why is tbe equilibrium separation distance between...Ch. 9 - Describe the difference between a face-centered...Ch. 9 - In sodium chloride, how many Clatoms are “nearest...Ch. 9 - In cesium iodide, how many Clatoms are "nearest...Ch. 9 - The NaCl crystal structure is FCC. The equilibrium...Ch. 9 - Why does the Fermi energy (EF) increase with the...Ch. 9 - If the election number density (N/V) of a metal...Ch. 9 - Why does the horizontal Line in the graph in...Ch. 9 - Why does the graph in Figure 9.12 increase...Ch. 9 - Why are the sharp transitions at the Fermi energy...Ch. 9 - What are the two main approaches used to determine...Ch. 9 - Describe two features of energy levels for an...Ch. 9 - How does the number of energy levels in a band...Ch. 9 - Why are some materials very good conductors and...Ch. 9 - Why are some materials semiconductors?Ch. 9 - Why does the resistance of a semiconductor...Ch. 9 - What kind of semiconductor is produced if...Ch. 9 - What kind of semiconductor is produced if silicon...Ch. 9 - What is the Hall effect and what is it used for?Ch. 9 - For an n-type semiconductor, how do impurity atoms...Ch. 9 - For a p-type semiconductor, how do impurity atoms...Ch. 9 - When p- and n-type materials are joined, why is a...Ch. 9 - When p- and n-type materials are joined, why does...Ch. 9 - How do you know if a diode is in the forward...Ch. 9 - Why does the reverse bias configuration lead to a...Ch. 9 - What happens in the extreme case that where the n-...Ch. 9 - Explain how an audio amplifier works, using the...Ch. 9 - Describe two main features of a superconductor.Ch. 9 - How does BCS theory explain superconductivity?Ch. 9 - What is the Meissner effect?Ch. 9 - What impact does an increasing magnetic field have...Ch. 9 - The electron configuration of carbon is 1s22s22p2....Ch. 9 - Potassium chloride (KCl) is a molecule formed by...Ch. 9 - The electron affinity of Cl is 3.89 eV and the...Ch. 9 - The measured energy dissociated energy of KC1 is...Ch. 9 - In a physics lab, you measure the vibrational-...Ch. 9 - For the preceding problem, find the equilibrium...Ch. 9 - The separation between oxygen atoms in an O2...Ch. 9 - The characteristic energy of the N2 molecule is...Ch. 9 - The characteristic energy for KCl is 1.4105eV ....Ch. 9 - A diatomic F2 molecule is in the l = 1 state, (a)...Ch. 9 - In a physics lab, you measure the vibrational-...Ch. 9 - The Csl crystal structure is BCC. The equilibrium...Ch. 9 - The potential energy of a crystal is - 8.10 eV/ion...Ch. 9 - The measured density of a NaF crystal is 2.558...Ch. 9 - What value of the repulsion constant, n, gives the...Ch. 9 - Determine the dissociation energy of 12 moles of...Ch. 9 - The measured density of a KCl crystal is 1.984...Ch. 9 - What value of the repulsion constant, n, gives the...Ch. 9 - The measured density of a CsCl crystal is 3.988...Ch. 9 - What is the difference in energy between the...Ch. 9 - An electron is confined to a metal cube of I = 0.8...Ch. 9 - What value of energy corresponds to a density of...Ch. 9 - Compare the density of states at 2.5 eV and 0.25...Ch. 9 - Consider a cube of copper with edges 1.50 mm long....Ch. 9 - If there is one free electron per atom of copper,...Ch. 9 - Determine the Fermi energy and temperature for...Ch. 9 - For a one-dimensional crystal, write the lattice...Ch. 9 - What is the main difference between an insulator...Ch. 9 - What is the longest wavelength for a photon that...Ch. 9 - A valence electron in a crystal absorbs a photon...Ch. 9 - An experiment is performed to demonstrate the Hall...Ch. 9 - Suppose that the cross-sectional area of the strip...Ch. 9 - A current-carrying copper wire with cross-section...Ch. 9 - The Hall effect is demonstrated in the laboratory....Ch. 9 - Show that for V less than zero, InetI0.Ch. 9 - A p-n diode has a reverse saturation current...Ch. 9 - The collector current of a transistor is 3.4 A for...Ch. 9 - Applying the positive end of a battery to the...Ch. 9 - The base current of a transistor is 4.4 A, and its...Ch. 9 - At what temperature, in terms of Tc, is the...Ch. 9 - What is the critical magnetic field for lead at T...Ch. 9 - A Pb wire wound in a tight solenoid of diameter of...Ch. 9 - A tightly wound solenoid at 4.0 K is 50 cm long...Ch. 9 - Potassium fluoride (KF) is a molecule formed by...Ch. 9 - For the preceding problem, sketch the potential...Ch. 9 - The separation between hydrogen atoms in a H2...Ch. 9 - The characteristic energy of the Cl2 molecule is...Ch. 9 - Determine the lowest three rotational energy...Ch. 9 - A carbon atom can hybridize in the...Ch. 9 - List five main characteristics of ionic crystals...Ch. 9 - Why is bonding in favorable? Express your answer...Ch. 9 - Astronomers claim to find evidence of He2 from...Ch. 9 - Show that the moment of inertia of a diatomic...Ch. 9 - Show that the average energy of an electron in a...Ch. 9 - Measurements of a superconductor's critical...Ch. 9 - Estimate the fraction of Si atoms that must be...Ch. 9 - Transition in the rotation spectrum are observed...Ch. 9 - Determine the Fermi energies for (a) Mg, (b) Na,...Ch. 9 - Find the average energy of an electron in a Zn...Ch. 9 - What value of the repulsion constant, n, gives the...Ch. 9 - A physical model of a diamond suggests packing...Ch. 9 - For an electron in a three-dimensional metal, show...
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- Why does the horizontal Line in the graph in Figure 9.12 suddenly stop at the Fermi energy? Figure 9.12 (a) Density of state for a free electron gas; (b) probability that a state is occupied at T = 0 K; (c) density if occupied states at T = 0 k.arrow_forwardSilver contains 5.8 * 1028 free electrons per cubic meter. At absolute zero, what is the Fermi energy (in J and eV) of silver?arrow_forwardFor a solid metal having a Fermi energy of 8.500 eV, what is the probability, at room temperature, that a state having an energy of 8.520 eV is occupied by an electron?arrow_forward
- If the temperature of a piece of a metal is increased, does the probability of occupancy 0.1 eV above the Fermi level increase, decrease, or remain the same?arrow_forwardAt what temperature do 1.30% of the conduction electrons in lithium (a metal) have energies greater than the Fermi energy EF, which is 4.70 eV?arrow_forwardThe Fermi energy for copper is 7.00 eV. For copper at 1000 K, (a) find the energy of the energy level whose probability of being occupied by an electron is 0.900. For this energy, evaluate (b) the density of states N(E) and (c) the density of occupied states No(E).arrow_forward
- The Fermi energy of copper is 7.0 eV. Verify that the corresponding Fermi speed is 1600 km/s.arrow_forwardThe Fermi energy of aluminum is 11.6 eV; its density and molar mass are 2.70 g/cm3 and 27.0 g/mol, respectively. From these data, determine the number of conduction electrons per atom.arrow_forwardThe occupancy probability at a certain energy E1 in the valence band of a metal is 0.60 when the temperature is 300 K. Is E1 above or below the Fermi energy?arrow_forward
- What is the probability that a state 0.0620 eV above the Fermi energy will be occupied at (a) T= 0 K and (b) T =320 K?arrow_forwardThe Fermi energy for silver is 5.5 eV. At T = 0°C, what are the probabilities that states with the following energies are occupied: (a) 4.4 eV, (b) 5.4 eV, (c) 5.5 eV, (d) 5.6 eV, and (e) 6.4 eV? (f) At what temperature is the probability 0.16 that a state with energy E = 5.6 eV is occupied?arrow_forwardDistinguish between the drift speed and fermi speed of the conduction electrons in a metal?arrow_forward
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