BIOLOGY (LL)
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781264115495
Author: BROOKER
Publisher: MCG
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Question
Chapter 9, Problem 1CQ
Summary Introduction
To describe: Two reasons that suggests that cell communication is necessary.
Introduction: A signal can be defined as any agent such as
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
The resting membrane potential in neurons is described as an
electrochemical gradient. You have described how the chemical
gradient is created. Now, describe how the electrical gradient is
established.
The inside of the cell has a net [Select]
charge due to the presence of [Select]
Due to the charge inside the cell, the exit of
[Select] 3
4
[Select] 5
[Select]
1
2
✓down its chemical gradient is
because it is
by the charge in the cell.
Options for each number:
1 - positive or negative
2 - Na+, K+, negatively-charged proteins and
ions like Cl-, the greater concentration of Na+
outside the cell than K+ inside the cell, or the
hydrophobic phospholipid bilayer
3 - Na + or K+
4 - slow, sped up, or not changed
5 - attracted, repelled, or not affected
The membrane of most cells, including neurons, contains passive, open, K' leak channels. Given the normal K' concentrations and the resultant concentration gradient, which direction would K' be expected to move (diffuse) through these leak channels?
Select one:
1/into the cell
2/out of the cell
QUESTION 1
Gap junctions are involved in
O endocrine
none of the other choices
O neural
paracrine
QUESTION 2
Potassium ions enter a cell by
active transport, diffusion
O diffusion, diffusion
active transport, active transport
O diffusion, active transport
QUESTION 3
O altering transcription
signaling.
Compared to water-soluble signals, lipid-soluble signals are more likely to produce their effects on the target cell by:
activating enzymes at the plasma membrane
opening or closing ion channels
QUESTION 4
and exit a cell by
Opening potassium ion channels in a neuron will lead to the cell interior becoming:
less negative, which is hyperpolarization
less negative, which is depolarization
more negative, which is hyperpolarization
O more negative, which is depolarization
Chapter 9 Solutions
BIOLOGY (LL)
Ch. 9.1 - Figure 9.1 Response of a yeast cell to glucose....Ch. 9.1 - Prob. 1CSCh. 9.1 - Which type of signal, paracrine or endocrine, is...Ch. 9.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 9.2 - Prob. 1CSCh. 9.2 - Prob. 2CSCh. 9.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 9.3 - Prob. 1CSCh. 9.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 9.3 - Prob. 2CC
Ch. 9.3 - In the case of signaling pathways involving...Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 1EQCh. 9.5 - Prob. 2EQCh. 9.5 - Prob. 3EQCh. 9.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 9 - Prob. 1TYCh. 9 - Prob. 2TYCh. 9 - Prob. 3TYCh. 9 - Prob. 4TYCh. 9 - Prob. 5TYCh. 9 - The relay protein Ras is part of the EGF pathway...Ch. 9 - Prob. 7TYCh. 9 - Prob. 8TYCh. 9 - Prob. 9TYCh. 9 - Prob. 10TYCh. 9 - Prob. 1CQCh. 9 - Conceptual Questions What are the three stages of...Ch. 9 - Prob. 3CQCh. 9 - Prob. 1COQCh. 9 - Prob. 2COQ
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- In a resting cell, the membrane potential is between -70 and -90 mV. This occurs because ... Group of answer options ... proteins diffuse out of the cell ... 1.sodium ions diffuse out of the cell ... 2.potassium ions diffuse out of the cell ... 3.there are extra sodium ions outside and extra chloride ions inside themembrane ... 4there are fewer calcium ions inside the cell compared to outside which makes the inside more negativearrow_forwardPlease explain what the resting membrane potential is and its value. Make sure you include all structures involved in the creation and maintenance of the resting membrane potential. Explanation addressing the question above Membrane potential is the difference in electric potential between the interior and the exterior of a biological cell. With respect to the exterior of the cell, typical values of membrane potential range from -40 mV to -80 mV. The membrane potential has two basic functions as a battery and transmitting signals between different parts of a cell. In non-excitable cells, the membrane potential is held at a relatively stable value, called the resting potential. The resting membrane potential of a neuron is about -70 mV. At rest, there are relatively more sodium ions outside the neuron and more potassium ions inside that neuron. It is determined by concentration gradients of ions across the membrane and by membrane permeability to each type of ion. Structure and…arrow_forwardQuick question on the process of movement Multiple sclerosis is a disease in which the peripheral neurons lose their myelin sheath. In this disease, voluntary movement of the limbs is slowed because; Pick the ones that are true the rate of opening of ligand-gated Na+ channels is decreased. the generation of the action potential is blocked at points along the unmyelinated region due to the absence of voltage-gated channels the action potential amplitude is degraded at the Nodes of Ranvier of the peripheral neuron. The Schwann cells are targeted and destroyed by the immune system, affecting saltatory propagation. the rate of opening of ligand-gated Na+ channels is decreased.arrow_forward
- Part C-Comparing and Contrasting the Two Types of Voltage-Gated lon Channels Sort the phrases into the appropriate bins depending on whether they describe similarities or differences between voltage-gated K* channels and voltage-gated Na+ channels. > View Available Hint(s) Reset Help The polarity of the substances they transport across the membrane The direction of ion movement The stimulus that triggers opening through the channel The placement of the channel protein relative to the membrane The inactivation mechanism Similarities Differencesarrow_forwardQUESTION 2 What does the “neuron doctrine" state? a. Neurites of different cells fuse together to form a continuous reticulum |b. Individual cells communicate by contact and not continuity C. The cell body of a neuron contains organelles d. The elementary functional unit of all tissues is the individual cellarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements best describes the features of voltage-gated K+ channels? They consist of 4 subunits, are activated at the same time as voltage-gated Na+ channels, but do not inactivate. They consist of 4 subunits, are activated by depolarisation and close slowly during the refractory period. They have 24 membrane spanning alpha helices, 4 of which have positively charged amino acids which promote a conformational change in the channel following depolarisation. They consist of 4 subunits and are open at rest which causes the resting membrane potential to be close to the K+ equilibrium potential.arrow_forward
- Glia—are they more than glue? The recent spotlight on glial cell function has revealed numerous ways in which these cells influence nervous system physiology, but how these roles manifest during CNS development remains unknown. Consider some of these questions: Is oligodendrocyte wrapping required for neuronal survival? Do astroglial cells regulate the targeting of synaptic partners? Do microglia help “sculpt” the brain during development?arrow_forwardIs there any receptor (s) on the interior / cytoplasmic side of tha plasma membrane ? If yes , discuss.arrow_forwardSuppose that certain cells found in an organism are permeable to both CI" and Kt ions but no other ions at rest. The intra- and extracellular concentrations of both ions for these cells are shown below. The resting membrane potential is -75 mV. Assume that passage of both ions across the membrane occurs through ion channels that are selective for each ion. [Intracellular] [Extracellular] CI 4 mM 110 mM K+ 25 mM 100 mM Based on this information, what reasonable conclusion can you draw about the relative permeabilities of K* and CI" ions in these neurons at rest based on what we discussed? а. The membrane is more permeable to chloride ions than to potassium ions at rest. b. The membrane is more permeable to potassium ions than to chloride ions at rest. С. At rest, the membrane potential of these neurons lies closer to the potassium equilibrium potential (EK) than it does to the chloride equilibrium potential (ECI). d. Both a and c е. Both b and carrow_forward
- Second-messenger systems ultimately bring about the desired cell response by inducing a change in the shape and function of particular designated intracellular proteins. (True or false?)arrow_forwardLigand binding of a (????) causes conformational changes in the receptor that free the associated G-protein to interact with other membrane proteins Voltage gated ion channel GPCR Ligand gated ion channel Ligandase porearrow_forwardWhat causes an alteration in cell resting membrane potential? What signs and symptoms would you expect to identify when your patient has an altered RMP?arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...BiologyISBN:9781285866932Author:Lauralee SherwoodPublisher:Cengage Learning
Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...
Biology
ISBN:9781285866932
Author:Lauralee Sherwood
Publisher:Cengage Learning
The Cell Membrane; Author: The Organic Chemistry Tutor;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AsffT7XIXbA;License: Standard youtube license