BIOLOGY (LL)
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781264115495
Author: BROOKER
Publisher: MCG
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Question
Chapter 9.3, Problem 2CC
Summary Introduction
To explain: Whether phosphorylation activates or inhibits enzyme function.
Introduction: The catalytic subunit of protein kinase A phosphorylates various cellular proteins such as structural proteins, transcription factor, enzymes. The phosphorylation process influences the function and structure of the enzyme.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
BIOC 384
Nuclear Receptor Signaling
Q8.3: Glucocorticoids are potent anti-inflammatory molecules that repress inflammation through transcriptional mechanisms. Beginning with inhalation of the asthma drug fluticasone, describe how this treatment reduces inflammation at the molecular level.
Docking and Membrane Fusion.
Q-8a. Choose from the terms below to Fill-in the Blanks.
[All terms are used. Some terms are used more than once]
Rab,
SNARE,
v- SNARE,
t-SNARE,
Tethering
a. Identification of a vesicle to be docked depends on a diverse family of monomeric GTPases called
proteins. First, a filamentous
protein on a target membrane binds to a
protein
on the surface of a vesicle. This interaction allows the vesicle to dock on its particular target membrane. A
on the vesicle then binds to a complementary_
on the target membrane.
Whereas
and
proteins provide the initial recognition between a vesicle and
its target membrane, complementary
appropriate target membranes. Together, the
proteins ensure that transport vesicles dock at their
proteins catalyze the final fusion of the two
membranes by squeezing out water making fusion more energetically favorable.
b. What does the acronym SNARE stand for?
c. Membrane fusion the rate limiting step of vesicular transport. Why? (What makes…
RTK: What would the following double mutations mean for the status of the signaling pathway, and the phosphorylation of MAPKK (MEK)?
1. Ligand is bound to the receptor; MAPK T120A mutation (T120 is normally phosphorylated by MAPKK)
a) Pathway ON (final output is achieved)
b) Pathway OFF (no final output)
c) Phosphorylation of MAPKK MEK
d) NO Phosphorylation of MAPKK MEK
2) Ligand is not bound to the receptor; MAPKKK T132E mutation (T132 is normally phosphorylated by Ras)
a) Pathway ON (final output is achieved)
b) Pathway OFF (no final output)
c) Phosphorylation of MAPKK MEK
d) NO Phosphorylation of MAPKK MEK
Chapter 9 Solutions
BIOLOGY (LL)
Ch. 9.1 - Figure 9.1 Response of a yeast cell to glucose....Ch. 9.1 - Prob. 1CSCh. 9.1 - Which type of signal, paracrine or endocrine, is...Ch. 9.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 9.2 - Prob. 1CSCh. 9.2 - Prob. 2CSCh. 9.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 9.3 - Prob. 1CSCh. 9.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 9.3 - Prob. 2CC
Ch. 9.3 - In the case of signaling pathways involving...Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 1EQCh. 9.5 - Prob. 2EQCh. 9.5 - Prob. 3EQCh. 9.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 9 - Prob. 1TYCh. 9 - Prob. 2TYCh. 9 - Prob. 3TYCh. 9 - Prob. 4TYCh. 9 - Prob. 5TYCh. 9 - The relay protein Ras is part of the EGF pathway...Ch. 9 - Prob. 7TYCh. 9 - Prob. 8TYCh. 9 - Prob. 9TYCh. 9 - Prob. 10TYCh. 9 - Prob. 1CQCh. 9 - Conceptual Questions What are the three stages of...Ch. 9 - Prob. 3CQCh. 9 - Prob. 1COQCh. 9 - Prob. 2COQ
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Cell communication .a) There are six main principles for transmitting a chemical signal between cells, mention and describe two. b) How does a signal binding to the cell's surface reach all the way into the nucleus? c. What does it mean that a signal is G protein connected?arrow_forwardHomework Termination: Define the following terms at least 5 related contents included. 1. Cell signaling 2. Intracellular Signaling molecules 3. G protein-coupled receptor 4. MAPK Cascadesarrow_forwardBIOC 384 Overview of Cell Signaling Pathways Q7.2: A first messenger molecule activates a receptor that stimulates Enzyme A, which synthesizes 100 second messenger molecules. In turn, each second messenger activates only one molecule of Enzyme B, which once activated, phosphorylates 100 molecules of Enzyme C that each phosphorylate 75 molecules of Enzyme D. In the last step, each Enzyme D phosphorylates 50 transcription factors. How many transcription factors are phosphorylated in response to the first messenger binding to the receptor? How many transcription factors would be phosphorylated if one copy of the Enzyme D gene were inactivated (heterozygous genotype) so that there were only half the number of functional Enzyme D molecules in the cell? Explain.arrow_forward
- Need help, please. I know the answer isn't mitotic spindle or secretory and endocytic vesicle transport. I think the answer is option C, axon stiffening, and neurotransmitter vesicle transport, but I am not 100% sure. What function of the microtubule motor proteins dynein and kinesin is blocked by the use of colchicine to treat gout? Select one: O a. mitotic spindle b. secretory and endocytic vesicle transport c. axon stiffening and neurotransmitter vesicle transport O d. ER, Golgi, and mitochondria movementarrow_forwardExercise 5 Membrane receptors are proteins that are incorporated in the cytoplasmic membrane of a cell, allowing the detection of specific molecules such as (hormones, growth factor) and triggering a cascade of biochemical Synthesis of protein reactions. The adjacent schema represents the steps of the synthesis of these membrane receptors. 1. Label the structures from a to f. In order to study the biosynthesis and secretion of this protein (membrane receptors), a solution containing radioactive amino acid was injected in the blood of an animal. Samples of certain cells were taken at regular intervals of time. The intensity of radioactivity was measured in different cellular organelles. 2000 The table below represents the variations of the quantity of a membrane protein in different parts of the cell, as function of time. Time (min) 15 40 50 Structure X 26 12 2 1 Structure Z 0. 6. 10 6. Structure Y 0. 10 24 2. Represent the obtained results in the form 3. 3.1. Analyze the obtained…arrow_forwardCleavage Ligand Precursor Receptor Inactive Receptor Active Cell Membrane 6. The figure above shows a model of a ligand precursor being cleaved to produce an active ligand that binds to a specific receptor. Which of the following is most likely to reduce the binding of the active ligand to its receptor? (A) A change in the cytoskeletal attachment of transmembrane proteins (B) The presence of a large amount of the precursor form of the ligand (C) An increase in the ratio of the number of unsaturated to the number of saturated fatty acid tails of the membrane lipids (D) A mutation in the receptor gene that causes a substitution of a charged amino acid for a nonpolar amino acid in the ligand binding site of the receptorarrow_forward
- What is the difference between intracellular signaling and intercellular signaling?arrow_forwardWould like a better explanation on Foxp3. Typed what I know for the first questoin In the discussion section the authors wrote “In a previous study, Dombrowski et al. [44], has reported that Treg cells are able to promote myelination and remyelination and its transcriptional factor, Foxp3, is a good indicator of Tregs activity [21, 45].” Where in the cell does Foxp3 act? The FOXP3 protein is found in an immune system gland called the thymus, where regulatory T cells are produced. Foxp3 is a master regulator of transcription in a specific T-cell type, CD4 (+) regulatory T cells (Treg). Foxp3 is a good indicator of Tregs activity. By what word or words in the quote of question 10 do you know that your answer to question 10 is correct?arrow_forwardtrue or false? And why it is false For the actin cytoskeleton, diverse cell-surface receptors trigger global structural rearrangements in response to external signals. But all these signals seem to converge inside the cell on a group of closely related monomeric GTPases that are members of the Rho protein family—Cdc42, Ras, and Rho. The same Rho family proteins are also involved in the establishment of many kinds of cell polarity.arrow_forward
- Give Major Mechanisms by Which an Increase in Cytosolic Ca21 Concentration Induces the Cell’s Responses?arrow_forwardChoices for each phrases: a, b, y, t, v, e; gtp, cgt, atp, adp, camp, catp; gtp, gdp, atp, adp, camp, catp; histamine kinase, gaunylyl cyclamen, phosphorylation, adenylyl cyclasearrow_forwardTransport. Provided below is an abstracted equation describing an active cell membrane transport from outside the cell to the cytoplasm, involving a membrane carrier (Cmemb), a substrate (Sin) (growth factor etc.) to be carried and released (Sout) into the cytoplasm. a) What kind of feedback mechanism is restricting this process? b) Construct a Forrester Diagram Membrane Transport Carrier, C:C, +S. memb k₁ k_₁ C memb memb + S out Solid Lines. There are two applications in the construction of Forrester diagrams where solid lines can be used to connect state variables. Please name them: a) b)arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781305577206Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. GrishamPublisher:Cengage LearningBiology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStax
Biochemistry
Biochemistry
ISBN:9781305577206
Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:9781947172517
Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:OpenStax
Intro to Cell Signaling; Author: Amoeba Sisters;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dbRterutHY;License: Standard youtube license