Concept explainers
Introduction: Cells respond to the changing environment, such as light, water, nutrient that causes some change in cell. These cellular changes enable a cell to adapt with respect to the changing environment.
Answer to Problem 1TY
Correct answer: An agent that allows a cell to respond to changes in its environment is known as a signal. Hence, the correct answer is an option d.
Explanation of Solution
Reason for correct answer:
The biological system such as a cell responds to changes in the environment with the help of a signal. Cell signaling involves many stepwise changes in the cell, such as activation of receptor, signal transduction, and a response by the cell. Therefore, a signal is an agent, which helps various cell processes to cope with the environmental changes.
Option (d) is given as “a signal”.
A signal is an agent that help cells to respond to changes in the environment. Hence, option d. is correct.
Reasons for incorrect answer:
Option a. is given as, “a cell surface receptor”.
Cell surface receptors are present on the cell membrane and it binds to the specific molecules. Therefore, cell surface receptors are involved in cellular signaling process. Hence, option a. is incorrect.
Option b. is given as, “an intracellular receptor”.
The receptors that are present inside the cell are known as intracellular receptor. They are involved in cellular signaling process. Hence, option b. is incorrect.
Option c. is given as, “a structural protein”.
Cell membrane contains structural proteins and it confer a particular shape to the cell. Hence, option c. is incorrect.
Option e. is given as, “apoptosis”.
The programmed cell death is termed as apoptosis. It is a part of cell signaling, but this process does not signal a cellular response. Hence, option e. is incorrect.
Hence, the options a., b., c., and e. are incorrect.
A cell responds to changes in the environment through an agent known as “signal”.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 9 Solutions
BROOKER BIO 3-HOLE PUNCH W/CONNECT BUND
- For cellular transduction, why is it useful that phosphorylation cascades have a series of protein kinases? a. they amplify the original signal b. they always lead to the same cellular response c. the number of molecules used is small and fixed d. they are cell specificarrow_forwardWhich of the following are methods of cellular signaling? Select one: a. All the answers are correct. b. Connections through fibers of the ECM from one cell to another c. Ligand binding to a receptor in the cell membrane d. Desmosomes ‘pulling’ one cell to another e. Lipid or gas ligand binding to an intracellular receptorarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is representative of transduction? A) Binding of ligand to cell surface receptor B) Gene expression C) activation of relay molecules D) Spread of diffusion throughout a cellarrow_forward
- Which of the following does not apply to a transmembrane receptor? a. It lacks ER signal sequence. b. It contains one or more hydrophobic stop-transfer sequence. c. It is important for cells to receive and transmit extracellular signals. d. It is an example of integral membrane protein.arrow_forwardWhat kind of membrane proteins trigger a change in cellular activity in response to a stimulus? A. Receptor proteins B. Enzymes C. Adhesion proteins D. Transport proteinsarrow_forwardA scientist notices that a cancer cell line fails to die when he adds an inducer of apoptosis to his culture of cells. Which hypothesis could explain why the cells fail to die? a. The cells have a mutation that prevents the initiation of apoptosis signaling. b. The cells have lost expression of the receptor for the apoptosis-inducing ligand. c. The cells overexpress a growth factor pathway that inhibits apoptosis. d. All of the above.arrow_forward
- What property prevents the ligands of cell-surface receptors from entering the cell? a. The molecules bind to the extracellular domain. b. The molecules are hydrophilic and cannot penetrate the hydrophobic interior of the plasma membrane. c. The molecules are attached to transport proteins that deliver them through the bloodstream to target cells. d. The ligands are able to penetrate the membrane and directly influence gene expression upon receptor binding.arrow_forwardCertain cells inhibit cell division by expressing signaling molecules on their surfaces. These molecules are MOST likely involved in which of these processes? A. anchorage dependence B. apoptosis C. density-dependent inhibition D. transformation I believe the answer is C. Could you please verify?arrow_forwardWhich of the following elements may be in the transduction part of cell signaling? Select one: a. A phosphatase b. A kinase c. cyclin AMP d. ions e. All answers are correctarrow_forward
- G proteins are involved wheneverA. Binding of messenger molecules to cell surface receptors triggers a target cell response.B. Binding of ligand molecules to cell surface receptors triggers activation or inhibition of enzymes,C. Binding of ligand molecules to cell surface receptors triggers synthesis of second messengers,D. Binding of ligand molecules to cell surface receptors triggers a change.E. All of the above.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is associated with a decrease in cell-cell interactions? Select one: a. loss of MMPs b. loss of basement membrane proteins c. increased integrin expression d. Loss of integrins e. loss of E-cadherinarrow_forwardCan a cell have multiple responses to one stimulus? A) Yes, such as a second messenger activating a kinase and a transcription factor B) No, one stimulus = one response. C) Yes, but only if the stimulus activates two different types of receptors, like a GPCR and a protein kinase receptor at the same timearrow_forward
- Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSONBiology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStaxAnatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
- Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & CompanyLaboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education