Economics (Irwin Economics)
21st Edition
ISBN: 9781259723223
Author: Campbell R. McConnell, Stanley L. Brue, Sean Masaki Flynn Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 9, Problem 4RQ
To determine
Shift in the different cost curve.
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6.Which of the following are short-run and which are long-run adjustments? LO3
a.Wendy’s builds a new restaurant.
b.Harley-Davidson Corporation hires 200 more production workers.
c.A farmer increases the amount of fertilizer used on his corn crop.
d.An Alcoa aluminum plant adds a third shift of workers.
Average total cost tells us the O 1) cost of the last unit of output, if total cost does not include a fixed cost component. 2) variable cost of a firm that is producing at least one unit of output. 3) O 4) total cost of the first unit of output, if total cost is divided evenly over all th units produced. cost of a typical unit of output, if total cost is divided evenly over all the uni produced.
An economist estimated that the cost function of a single-product firm isC(Q) = 100 + 20Q + 15 Q^2+ 10 Q^3Based on this information, determine: (LO4, LO5)a. The fixed cost of producing 10 units of output.
Chapter 9 Solutions
Economics (Irwin Economics)
Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 1QQCh. 9.2 - Prob. 2QQCh. 9.2 - Prob. 3QQCh. 9.2 - Prob. 4QQCh. 9.5 - Prob. 1QQCh. 9.5 - Prob. 2QQCh. 9.5 - Prob. 3QQCh. 9.5 - Prob. 4QQCh. 9.8 - Prob. 1QQCh. 9.8 - Prob. 2QQ
Ch. 9.8 - Prob. 3QQCh. 9.8 - Prob. 4QQCh. 9 - Prob. 1DQCh. 9 - Prob. 2DQCh. 9 - Prob. 3DQCh. 9 - Prob. 4DQCh. 9 - Prob. 5DQCh. 9 - Prob. 6DQCh. 9 - Prob. 7DQCh. 9 - Prob. 8DQCh. 9 - Prob. 1RQCh. 9 - Which of the following are short-run and which are...Ch. 9 - Prob. 3RQCh. 9 - Prob. 4RQCh. 9 - Prob. 5RQCh. 9 - Prob. 6RQCh. 9 - Prob. 1PCh. 9 - Prob. 2PCh. 9 - Prob. 3PCh. 9 - Prob. 4P
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- Which of the following are short-run and which are long-run adjustments? LO9.1 a. Wendy’s builds a new restaurant. b. Harley-Davidson Corporation hires 200 more production workers. c. A farmer increases the amount of fertilizer used on his corn crop. d. An Alcoa aluminum plant adds a third shift of workers.arrow_forwardFor LG Company, the total cost of producing 200 refrigerators is R.O 48,000. When the company produced one more refrigerator, the total costs increased to R.O 48,250. What is the marginal cost of production here? a. R.O 200 b. R.O 180 c. R.O 230 d. R.O 250arrow_forwardA firm produces output (y) using two inputs, labor (L) and capital (K), according to the following Cobb-Douglas production function: y = f(L, K) = Lº25 K0.75. Assuming that we draw the isoquant map with labor on the horizontal axis and capital on the vertical axis, what is the slope of this firm's isoquant when L = 120 and K = 60? Give your answer to two decimal places and remember that the sign matters when describing the slope of an isoquant.[_____________] Part 2 : See Hint Assume that L = 120 and K = 60 and suppose that the firm decides to reduce its use of capital and replace those machine hours with some additional labor hours. Approximately how many labor hours will the firm need to add for each machine hour it cut in order to maintain the same level of output (i.e., stay on the same isoquant)? Give your answer to two decimal places. [__________] labor hoursarrow_forward
- Consider a small landscaping company run by Mr. Viemeister. He is considering increasing his firm’s capacity. If he adds one more worker, the firm’s total monthly revenue will increase from $50,000 to $58,000. If he adds one more tractor, monthly revenue will increase from $50,000 to $62,000. Each additional worker costs $4,000 per month, while an additional tractor would also cost $4,000 per month. LO16.5 a. What is the marginal product of labor? The marginal product of capital? b. What is the ratio of the marginal product of labor to the price of labor (MPL/PL)? What is the ratio of the marginal product of capital to the price of capital (MPK/PK)? c. Is the firm using the least-costly combination of inputs? d. Does adding an additional worker or adding an additional tractor yield a larger increase in total revenue for each dollar spent?arrow_forwardMa2. Required: Question 3.(LO3 Apply) Simon Ltd is run by Simon Leather who makes leather belts for designers. He uses the finest Argentinean leather and needs highly trained machinists to make the belts up to the quality designers expect. His beits usually sell for £50 per item and use 0.2m² of leather and 30 minutes of labor. Simon Ltd has 5 staff. They work a standard 8-hour day, 5 days a week, 48 weeks of the year. They earn £15 per hour. Leather costs £20 per meter. Simon also has some variable overheads of £6 per unit. Fixed overheads are £28,800. a) Calculate the number of belts Simon will have to sell to break even. Simon decides to branch out and start to also sell handbags to the same market. The handbags sell for €250 each and use 1.5m² of leather with 1 hour of labor being required. Variable overheads are £20 per handbag. There has been a bad case of foot and mouth in Argentina. Simon can only use the leather he has currently being shipped to him for the next…arrow_forwardRefer to the table below. Quantity Cost (in dollars) Fixed Costs (in dollars) Total Costs (in dollars) Average Total Costs (in dollars per unit) Average Variable Costs (in dollars per unit) Marginal Costs (in dollars per unit) 0 0 40 40 - - - - - - 1 15 40 55 55 15 15 2 35 40 75 37.5 17.5 20 3 60 40 100 33.3 20 25 4 90 40 130 32.5 22.5 30 5 125 40 165 33 25 35 6 160 40 200 33.3 26.6 40 If this information were used to create a total cost graph, the curve should Question 6 options: begin at 40 on the vertical axis and slope upward. become steeper as quantity increases. become steeper due to diminishing returns. reflect all of the above.arrow_forward
- Why would a firm be happy to earn zero economic profits? Because zero economic profit means that the firm earns Select one.O. enough in total revenues to pay for all the fixed cost and some but not all of the variable costs.O. enough in total revenues to pay for all the accounting costs but none of the opportunity costs.O. zero accounting profit.O. enough in total revenues to pay for all the accounting costs and all of the opportunity costs.arrow_forwardA software company in Silicon Valley uses programmers (labor) and computers (capital) to produce apps for mobile devices. The firm estimates that when it comes to labor, MPL = 5 apps per month while PL = $1,000 per month. And when it comes to capital, MPC = 8 apps per month while PC = $1,000 per month. If the company wants to maximize its profits, it should: LO16.5 a. Increase labor while decreasing capital. b. Decrease labor while increasing capital. c. Keep the current amounts of capital and labor just as they are. d. None of the above.arrow_forward1.A 15 per cent increase in all inputs leads to only a 5 per cent increase in the output. Are the returns to scale increasing, constant or diminishing? Illustrate your answer2.What is the slope of an iso-cost line equal to and why? Provide mathematical explanation3.“By definition, cost is zero if a firm does not hire any input. Hence cost-minimization essentially means shutting down the operation of the firm.” Do you agree with the statement? Justify you answer by giving an explanation from microeconomic theory.4.What is meant by an expansion path? Illustrate expansion paths for a normal input and an inferior input.arrow_forward
- Marginal cost Average total cost Average variable cost Average fixed cost Total cost Variable cost Fixed cost Output Labor - - - - 60 0 $60 0 0 70 130 70 60 130 70$ $60 1 1 14 33.33 23.33 10 200 $140 $60 6 2 14 24.54 19.09 5.45 270 $210 $60 11 3 17.5 22.66 18.66 4 340 280$ $60 15 4 25.55 24.55 19.1 3.16 410 $350 $60 18 5 70 25.25 22.10 3.15 480 $420 $60 19 6 Draw the short run total cost curve (show the total cost, fixed cost, variable cost). Where the marginal cost and average total cost intercept? Explain the relationship between the marginal cost and the average total cost with the help of graph.arrow_forward4.Distinguish between explicit and implicit costs, giving examples of each. What are some explicit and implicit costs of attending college? LO2arrow_forward. What are the firm's fixed costs?$ c. What is the variable cost of producing 475 units of output (use least-cost)?$ d. How many units of the variable input should be used to maximize profits?e. What are the maximum profits this firm can earn?$ f. Over what range of the variable input usage do increasing marginal returns exist?From ___ to ____g. Over what range of the variable input usage do decreasing marginal returns exist?From ___ to ___h. Over what range of input usage do negative marginal returns exist?From ___ to ___ . What are the firm's fixed costs?$ c. What is the variable cost of producing 475 units of output (use least-cost)?$ d. How many units of the variable input should be used to maximize profits?e. What are the maximum profits this firm can earn?$ f. Over what range of the variable input usage do increasing marginal returns exist?From to g. Over what range of the…arrow_forward
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