The hydroxyl radical (OH) plays an important role in atmospheric chemistry. It is highly reactive and has a tendency to combine with a H atom from other compounds, causing them to break up. Thus, OH is sometimes called a “detergent” radical because it helps to clean up the atmosphere. (a) Write the Lewis structure for the radical. (b) Refer to Table 9.4 and explain why the radical has a high affinity for H atoms. (c) Estimate the enthalpy change for the reaction OH ( g ) + CH 4 ( g ) → CH 3 ( g ) + H 2 O ( g ) (d) The radical is generated when sunlight hits water vapor. Calculate the maximum wavelength (in nanometers) required to break an O─H bond in H 2 O.
The hydroxyl radical (OH) plays an important role in atmospheric chemistry. It is highly reactive and has a tendency to combine with a H atom from other compounds, causing them to break up. Thus, OH is sometimes called a “detergent” radical because it helps to clean up the atmosphere. (a) Write the Lewis structure for the radical. (b) Refer to Table 9.4 and explain why the radical has a high affinity for H atoms. (c) Estimate the enthalpy change for the reaction OH ( g ) + CH 4 ( g ) → CH 3 ( g ) + H 2 O ( g ) (d) The radical is generated when sunlight hits water vapor. Calculate the maximum wavelength (in nanometers) required to break an O─H bond in H 2 O.
Solution Summary: The author explains that the Lewis structure of hydroxyl radical is drawn. The enthalpy change of the reaction is calculated.
The hydroxyl radical (OH) plays an important role in atmospheric chemistry. It is highly reactive and has a tendency to combine with a H atom from other compounds, causing them to break up. Thus, OH is sometimes called a “detergent” radical because it helps to clean up the atmosphere. (a) Write the Lewis structure for the radical. (b) Refer to Table 9.4 and explain why the radical has a high affinity for H atoms. (c) Estimate the enthalpy change for the reaction
OH
(
g
)
+
CH
4
(
g
)
→
CH
3
(
g
)
+
H
2
O
(
g
)
(d) The radical is generated when sunlight hits water vapor. Calculate the maximum wavelength (in nanometers) required to break an O─H bond in H2O.
In the vapor phase, BeCl2 exists as a discrete molecule. (a) Draw the Lewis structure of this molecule, using only single bonds. Does this Lewis structure satisfy the octet rule? (b) What other resonance structures are possible that satisfy the octet rule? (c) On the basis of the formal charges, which Lewis structure is expected to be dominant for BeCl2?
Write electron configurations and Lewis structures for each element. Indicate which of the electrons in the electron configuration are shown in the Lewis structure.(a) Ca(b) Ga(c) As(d) I
With reference to the “Chemistry Put to Work” box on explosives, (a) use bond enthalpies to estimate the enthalpy change for the explosion of 1.00 g of nitroglycerin. (b) Write a balanced equation for the decomposition of TNT. Assume that, upon explosion, TNT decomposes into N2(g), CO2(g), H2O(g), and C(s).
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Calorimetry Concept, Examples and Thermochemistry | How to Pass Chemistry; Author: Melissa Maribel;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nSh29lUGj00;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY