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Variable costing and absorption costing, the Z-Var Corporation. (R. Marple, adapted) It is the end of 2017. Z-Var Corporation began operations in January 2016. The company is so named because it has no variable costs (Zero VARiable). All its costs are fixed; they do not vary with output. Z-Var Corp. is located on the bank of a river and has its own hydroelectric plant to supply power, light, and heat. The company manufactures a synthetic fertilizer from air and river water and sells its product at a price that is not expected to change. It has a small staff of employees, all paid fixed annual salaries. The output of the plant can be increased or decreased by pressing a few buttons on a keyboard. The following budgeted and actual data are for the operations of Z-Var. The company uses budgeted production as the denominator level and writes off any production-volume variance to cost of goods sold.
2016 | 2017a | |
Sales | 30,000 tons | 30,000 tons |
Production | 60,000 tons | 0 tons |
Selling price | $ 90 per ton | $ 90 per ton |
Costs (all fixed): | ||
Manufacturing | $2,580,000 | $2,580,000 |
Operating (nonmanufacturing) | $ 102,000 | $ 102,000 |
- 1. Prepare income statements with one column for 2016, one column for 2017, and one column for the two years together using (a) variable costing and (b) absorption costing.
- 2. What is the breakeven point under (a) variable costing and (b) absorption costing?
- 3. What inventory costs would be carried in the
balance sheet on December 31, 2016 and 2017 under each method? - 4. Assume that the performance of the top manager of Z-Var is evaluated and rewarded largely on the basis of reported operating income. Which costing method would the manager prefer? Why?
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Chapter 9 Solutions
Horngren's Cost Accounting, Student Value Edition (16th Edition)
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- Deep Sea manufactures flotation vests in Charleston, South Carolina. Deep Sea's contribution margin income statement for the month ended March 31, 2024, contains the following data: (Click the icon to view the cost information.) Read the requirements. Requirement 1. Identify each cost in the income statement as either relevant or irrelevant to Deep Sea's decision. Variable Manufacturing Costs Variable Selling and Administrative Costs Fixed Manufacturing Costs Fixed Selling and Administrative Costs Requirement 2. Prepare a differential analysis to determine whether Deep Sea should accept this special sales order. (Enter decreases to revenue or increases to costs with a parentheses or minus sign.) Decision: in operating income ▼ Suppose Overboard wishes to buy 4,000 vests from Deep Sea. Deep Sea will not incur any variable selling and administrative expenses on the special order. The Deep Sea plant has enough unused capacity to manufacture the additional vests. Overboard has offered $7…arrow_forwardIn addition to the unit indirect manufacturing costs, the following data are expected for the company's standard and deluxe models for 2025: Eason Company manufactures wheel rims. The company produces two wheel rim models: standard and deluxe. For 2025, Eason's managers have decided to use the same indirect manufacturing costs per wheel rim that they computed in 2024 using activity-based costing. E (Click the icon to view the expected information.) Because of limited machine hour capacity, Eason can produce either 2,000 standard rims or 2,000 deluxe rims. (Click the icon to view the 2024 indirect manufacturing costs per wheel rim.) Read the requirements. Requirement 1. If Eason's managers rely on the ABC unit cost data computed in 2024, which model will they produce? Carry each cost to the nearest cent. (lgnore selling and administrative expenses for this calculation.) Тext Use hodel. Data Table Data Table Delux Sal Standard Deluxe Indirect Manufacturing Cost Per Unit Dire Sales price…arrow_forwardABC Company is introducing a new product. The managers are trying to decide whether to make one of its components or to buy it from an outside supplier. The space that could be used to make the part has no alternative use. The outside supplier will sell the part to ABC for P800 per unit. Following is an estimate of per-unit costs if ABC makes the part: Materials P225 ; Direct labor P250 ; Variable manufacturing overhead P225 ; Fixed manufacturing overhead P325. Fixed manufacturing overhead consists of depreciation on machinery and a share of the costs of the factory based on the floor space that manufacturing the part would occupy. Determine whether ABC should make or buy the part. Also you have to indicate the amount favoring the better alternative. please answerarrow_forward
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- Deep Sea manufactures flotation vests in Charleston, South Carolina. Deep Sea's contribution margin income statement for the month ended August 31, 2024, contains the following data: (Click the icon to view the cost information.) Read the requirements. Suppose Optimum wishes to buy 4,800 vests from Deep Sea. Deep Sea will not incur any variable selling and administrative expenses on the special order. The Deep Sea plant has enough unused capacity to manufacture the additional vests. Optimum has offered $16 per vest, which is below the normal sales price of $20. Requirement 1. Identify each cost in the income statement as either relevant or irrelevant to Deep Sea's decision. Variable Manufacturing Costs Variable Selling and Administrative Costs Fixed Manufacturing Costs Fixed Selling and Administrative Costs Requirement 2. Prepare a differential analysis to determine whether Deep Sea should accept this special sales order. (Enter decreases to revenue or increases to costs with a…arrow_forwardThe Chopin Company has decided to introduce a new product. The new product can be manufactured by either a computer-assisted manufacturing (CAM) or a labor-intensive production (LIP) system. The manufacturing method will not affect the quality of the product. The estimated manufacturing costs for each of the two methods are as follows. CAM System: Direct Material = $5.0 Direct Labor (DLH) = 0.5 DLH X $12 = $6 Variable Overhead = 0.5DLHx$6 = $3 Fixed Iverhead* = $ 2,440,000 LIP System: Direct Material = $5.6 Direct Labor (DLH) = 0.8 DLH X $9 = $7.2 Variable Overhead = 0.8 DLH X $6 = $4.8 Fixed Overhead* = $1,320,000 *These costs are directly traceable to the new product line. They would not be incurred if the new product were not produced. The company’s marketing research department has recommended an introductory unit sales price of $30. Selling expenses are estimated to be $500,000 annually plus $2 for each unit sold. (Ignore income taxes.) Required: Calculate the estimated…arrow_forwardMohave Corporation is considering outsourcing production of the umbrella tote bag included with some of its products. The company has received a bid from a supplier in Vietnam to produce 8,900 units per year for $7.50 each. Mohave the following information about the cost of producing tote bags: Direct materials Direct labor Variable manufacturing overhead Fixed manufacturing overhead Total cost per unit Mohave determined all variable costs could be eliminated by outsourcing the tote bags, while 70 percent of the fixed overhead cost is unavoidable. At this time, Mohave has no specific use in mind for the space currently dedicated to producing the tote bags. Required: 1. Compute the difference in cost between making and buying the umbrella tote bag. 2. Based strictly on the incremental analysis, should Mohave buy the tote bags or continue to make them? 3-a. Suppose the space Mohave currently uses to make the bags could be utilized by a new product line that would generate $12,000 in…arrow_forward
- Make versus buy, activity-based costing. The Svenson Corporation manufactures cellular modems. It manufactures its own cellular modem circuit boards (CMCB), an important part of the cellular modem. It reports the following cost information about the costs of making CMCBs in 2017 and the expected costs in 2018:arrow_forwardWindu Enterprises uses a manufacturing process that is very labor intensive to manufacture its multicolored laser vegetable slicers. Windu is considering a change to a more automated manufacturing process. The cost structure information for Windu's options are listed below. Windu sells its only product for $25 per unit. Costs Fixed Manufacturing Costs Variable Manufacturing Cost per unit Current Method $180,000 $15 Automated Method $240,000 $13 Required. 1. Compute the breakeven points for both production methods 2. Compute the point of indifference for these two production methods (i.e. at what number of units of production will income be equal for both methods?) 3. Calculate the Operating Leverage Factor for both methods at the point of indifference + 4. If Windu's management intends to produce and sell 35,000 units, which production method should they use? 5. By how much per unit (nearest $.01) would the current method's variable cost need to decrease in order for management to be…arrow_forwardRoland Company operates a small factory in which it manufactures two products: A and B. Production and sales result for last year were as follow: A B Units sold 8,000 16,000 Selling price per unit 65 52 Variable costs per unit 35 30 Fixed costs per unit 15 15 For purposes of simplicity, the firm allocates total fixed costs over the total number of units of A and B produced and sold. The research department has developed a new product (C) as a replacement for product B. Market studies show that Roland Company could sell 11,000 units of C next year at a price of $80, the variable costs per unit of C are $39. The introduction of product C will lead to a 10% increase in demand for product A and discontinuation of product B. If the company does not introduce the new product, it expects next year’s result to be the same as last year’s. Instructions Should Roland Company introduce product C next year? Explain why or why not. Show calculations to support your decisionarrow_forward
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