Chemistry
Chemistry
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780393919370
Author: Thomas R. Gilbert
Publisher: NORTON
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Chapter 9, Problem 9.97QP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The diatomic molecule whose bond order increases with the addition of two electrons is to be found from the given molecules.

Concept introduction: When two atomic orbitals come close to each other they lose their identity and form new pair of orbitals knows as molecular orbitals. Among the two molecular orbitals formed one has energy lower than the atomic orbitals is known as bonding molecular orbital and the other has energy higher than the atomic orbitals and is known as antibonding molecular orbital. The filling electrons in molecular orbitals follow Aufbau’s principle and hund’s rule.

To determine: If the bond order of B2 increases after the gain of two electrons.

(a)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 9.97QP

Solution

The bond order of B2 increases after the gain of two electrons.

Explanation of Solution

Explanation

The electronic configuration of B2 is,

2s)2*2s)22p)2

The bond order for B2 is calculated by using formula,

BondorderofB2=12(NumberofbondingelectronsinB2NumberofofantibondongelctronsinB2)

The number of bonding electrons in B2=4

The number of antibonding electrons in B2=2

Substitute the value of number of electrons in bonding and antibonding orbitals in B2 in the above equation.

Bondorder=12(42)=1

The bond order of B2=1

The B22- ion is formed when two electrons are added to B2 . The electronic configuration of B22- is,

2s)2*2s)22p)4

The bond order for B22- is calculated by using formula,

BondorderofB22-=12(NumberofbondingelectronsinB22NumberofofantibondongelctronsinB22)

The number of bonding electrons in B22=6

The number of antibonding electrons in B22=2

Substitute the value of number of electrons in bonding and antibonding orbitals in B22- in the above equation.

Bondorder=12(62)=2

The bond order of B22-=2 .

Hence, the bond order of B2 molecule increases with the addition of two electrons.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: If the bond order of C2 increase after the gain of two electrons.

(b)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 9.97QP

Solution

The bond order of C2 increases after the gain of two electrons.

Explanation of Solution

Explanation

The electronic configuration of C2 is,

2s)2*2s)22p)4

The bond order for C2 is calculated by using formula,

BondorderofC2=12(NumberofbondingelectronsinC2NumberofofantibondongelctronsinC2)

The number of bonding electrons in C2=6 .

The number of antibonding electrons in C2=2

Substitute the value of number of electrons in bonding and antibonding orbitals in C2 in the above equation.

Bondorder=12(62)=2

The bond order of C2=2

The C22 ion is formed when two electrons are added to C2 . The electronic configuration of C22 is,

2s)2*2s)22p)42p)2

The bond order for C22 is calculated by using formula,

BondorderofC22=12(NumberofbondingelectronsinC22NumberofofantibondongelctronsinC22-)

The number of bonding electrons in C22=8

The number of antibonding electrons in C22=2

Substitute the value of number of electrons in bonding and antibonding orbitals in C22 in the above equation.

Bondorder=12(82)=3

The bond order of C22=3

Hence, the bond order of C2 molecule increases with the addition of two electrons.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: If the bond order of N2 increase after the gain of two electrons.

(c)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 9.97QP

Solution

The bond order of N2 decreases after the gain of two electrons.

Explanation of Solution

Explanation

The electronic configuration of N2 is,

2s)2*2s)22p)42p)2

The bond order for N2 is calculated by using formula,

BondorderofN2=12(NumberofbondingelectronsinN2NumberofofantibondongelctronsinN2)

The number of bonding electrons in N2=8 .

The number of antibonding electrons in N2=2

Substitute the value of number of electrons in bonding and antibonding orbitals in N2 in the above equation.

Bondorder=12(82)=3

The bond order of N2=3

The N22 ion is formed when two electrons are added to N2 . The electronic configuration of N22 is,

2s)2*2s)22p)42p)22p*)2

The bond order for N22 is calculated by using formula,

BondorderofN22=12(NumberofbondingelectronsofN22NumberofofantibondongelctronsinN22)

The number of bonding electrons in N22=8

The number of antibonding electrons in N22=4

Substitute the value of number of electrons in bonding and antibonding orbitals in N22 in the above equation.

Bondorder=12(84)=2

The bond order of N22=2 .

Hence, the bond order of N2 molecule decreases with the addition of two electrons.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

To determine: If the bond order of O2  increases after the gain of two electrons.

(d)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 9.97QP

Solution

The bond order of O2 decreases after the gain of two electrons.

Explanation of Solution

Explanation

The electronic configuration of O2 is,

2s)2*2s)22p)22p)42p*)2

The bond order for O2 is calculated by using formula,

BondorderofO2=12(NumberofbondingelectronsinO2NumberofofantibondongelctronsinO2)

The number of bonding electrons in O2=8

The number of antibonding electrons in O2=4

Substitute the value of number of electrons in bonding and antibonding orbitals in O2 in the above equation.

Bondorder=12(84)=2

The bond order of O2=2

The O22 ion is formed when two electrons are added to O2 . The electronic configuration of O22 is,

2s)2*2s)22p)22p)42p*)4

The bond order for O22 is calculated by using formula,

Bondorderof O22=12(NumberofbondingelectronsofO22NumberofofantibondongelctronsinO22)

The number of bonding electrons in O22=8 .

The number of antibonding electrons in O22=6 .

Substitute the value of number of electrons in bonding and antibonding orbitals in O22 in the above equation.

Bondorder=12(86)=1

The bond order of O22=1 .

Hence, the bond order of O2 molecule decreases with the addition of two electrons.

Conclusion

Higher the bond order of a molecule higher will be its bond strength. The bond order of boron and carbon increases, whereas the bond order of nitrogen and oxygen decreases on the addition of two electrons.

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Chapter 9 Solutions

Chemistry

Ch. 9 - Prob. 9.1VPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.2VPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.3VPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.4VPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.5VPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.6VPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.7VPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.8VPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.9QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.10QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.11QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.12QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.13QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.14QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.15QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.16QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.17QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.18QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.19QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.20QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.21QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.22QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.23QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.24QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.25QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.26QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.27QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.28QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.29QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.30QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.31QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.32QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.33QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.34QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.35QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.36QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.37QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.38QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.39QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.40QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.41QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.42QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.43QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.44QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.45QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.46QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.47QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.48QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.49QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.50QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.51QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.52QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.53QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.54QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.55QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.56QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.57QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.58QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.59QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.60QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.61QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.62QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.63QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.64QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.65QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.66QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.67QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.68QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.69QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.70QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.71QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.72QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.73QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.74QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.75QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.76QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.77QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.78QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.79QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.80QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.81QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.82QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.83QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.84QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.85QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.86QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.87QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.88QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.89QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.90QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.91QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.92QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.93QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.94QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.95QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.96QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.97QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.98QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.99QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.100QPCh. 9 - Prob. 9.101APCh. 9 - Prob. 9.102APCh. 9 - Prob. 9.103APCh. 9 - Prob. 9.104APCh. 9 - Prob. 9.105APCh. 9 - Prob. 9.106APCh. 9 - Prob. 9.107APCh. 9 - Prob. 9.108APCh. 9 - Prob. 9.109APCh. 9 - Prob. 9.110APCh. 9 - Prob. 9.111APCh. 9 - Prob. 9.112APCh. 9 - Prob. 9.113APCh. 9 - Prob. 9.114APCh. 9 - Prob. 9.115APCh. 9 - Prob. 9.116APCh. 9 - Prob. 9.117APCh. 9 - Prob. 9.118APCh. 9 - Prob. 9.119APCh. 9 - Prob. 9.120APCh. 9 - Prob. 9.121APCh. 9 - Prob. 9.122APCh. 9 - Prob. 9.123APCh. 9 - Prob. 9.124APCh. 9 - Prob. 9.125APCh. 9 - Prob. 9.126APCh. 9 - Prob. 9.127APCh. 9 - Prob. 9.128AP
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