![Pearson eText Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach -- Instant Access (Pearson+)](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9780135212905/9780135212905_largeCoverImage.gif)
Concept explainers
To determine: The two metabolic pathways for aerobic
Introduction: The process of producing energy in the presence of oxygen is known as aerobic respiration. This process occurs only in the cytoplasm and mitochondria. Oxygen is the basic requirement for aerobic respiration. The aerobic respiration takes place only in the presence of molecular oxygen.
To determine: The use of NADH produced in two metabolic pathways that are involved in the aerobic metabolism of glucose.
Introduction: Glucose is a six-carbon molecule that metabolizes aerobically to produce energy. The two pathways that are used for aerobic metabolism of glucose are glycolysis and citric acid cycle.
![Check Mark](/static/check-mark.png)
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution![Blurred answer](/static/blurred-answer.jpg)
Chapter 9 Solutions
Pearson eText Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach -- Instant Access (Pearson+)
- Which of the following statements about the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is true? (A) The purpose of the pentose phosphate pathway is to produce NADH for use in anabolic pathways and ribose 6-phosphate for nucleotide synthesis.(B) The oxidative arm of the PPP produces (2) NADPH per glucose 6-phosphate that enters the pathway. (C) Phosphopentose isomerase converts the ribose 5-phosphate made in the oxidative arm of the PPP into ribulose 5-phosphate that is used to form the ribose sugar of nucleotides.(D) The non-oxidative arm of the PPP interconverts between ribose 5-phosphate and a variety of intermediates of b-oxidation. (E) One of the functions of the PPP is to provide NADPH that inhibits glutathione reductase so that it cannot oxidatively damage RBCs.arrow_forwardAssuming that the glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle is operative, a complete oxidation of three molecules of glucose (by a eukaryotic cell) into carbon dioxide and water would produce approximately ATP molecules via oxidative phosphorylation only. (Consider NADH = 2.5 ATP and FADH2 = 1.5 ATP)arrow_forwardWhat is the name of the by-product of anaerobic glycolysis that can lead to muscle fatigue and why does this by-product cause muscle fatigue?arrow_forward
- In some tissues, glucose 6-phosphate is oxidized to pentose phosphates by the pentose phosphate pathway. a) Which tissues prefer this pathway and why? Explain in detail. b) Due to the fact that glucose 6-phosphate is also an intermediate for the glycolysis pathway, the regulation of glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway is very important. NADPH plays a crucial role in partitioning of glucose 6-phosphate between glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway. Explain this role of NADPH in detail.arrow_forwardHow many total moles of ATP are created in a cell with an ATP synthase with 8 c subunits for every 28 moles of glucose that is completely oxidized in glycolysis and the Krebs cycle? Assume that NADH is transported by the malate aspartate shuttle.arrow_forwardHow many molecules of NADH are produced if 12 molecules of glucose enter the glycolytic pathway?arrow_forward
- Explain Why Synthesizing Glucose from Pyruvate in the Anabolic Process of Gluconeogenesis requires more energy than is captured during the Catabolic Process of Oxidizing Glucose (through glycolysis) to Pyruvate - How much of the energy (what percentage) of oxidizing Glucose to Pyruvate is captured in Catabolism as NADH (+ H+) and ATP ? - What happens to the rest of the energy of oxidizing Glucose to Pyruvate? How much energy (what percentage) is needed to synthesize Glucose from Pyruvate?arrow_forwardHow many molecules of NADH are produced when one glyceraldehyde- 3-phosphate is metabolized through glycolysis and Krebs cycle?arrow_forwardOf the 36 molecules of ATP produced by the complete metabolism of glucose, how many are produced directly in glycolysis alone, that is, before the common pathway?arrow_forward
- How many ATP molecules are generated from one complete metabolism of one molecule of maltose assuming all electrons of cytosolic NADH are transferred through the dihydroxyacetone phosphate/glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle?arrow_forwardDCCD (diocyclohexylcarbodiimide) inhibits oxidative phosphorylation when the substrate is mitochondrial NADH. DCCD is a drug that binds to ATP synthase and blocks proton transport through the ion channel. a) Explain what the consequences of DCCD on cellular energy production are. b) Suggest at least one other cellular effect of DCCD and explain this effect.arrow_forwardName three enzymes from the citric acid cycle which are allosterically regulated by ATP and/or NADH. Indicate if the binding of these effectors positively or negatively regulate the activity of each of these enzymesarrow_forward
- Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSONBiology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStaxAnatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
- Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & CompanyLaboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education
![Text book image](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9780134580999/9780134580999_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Text book image](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781947172517/9781947172517_coverImage_Textbooks.gif)
![Text book image](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781259398629/9781259398629_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Text book image](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9780815344322/9780815344322_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Text book image](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781260159363/9781260159363_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Text book image](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781260231700/9781260231700_smallCoverImage.gif)