PRACTICAL MGT. SCIENCE (LL)-W/MINDTAP
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781337610278
Author: WINSTON
Publisher: CENGAGE L
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Question
Chapter 9.4, Problem 10P
Summary Introduction
To solve: The problem using precision tree.
Introduction: The variation between the present value of the
Expert Solution & Answer
Trending nowThis is a popular solution!
Students have asked these similar questions
If you want to invest in a project that cost $3.5 million. As we are unsure about the future demand, there is a 40% probability of high demand with a present value for the project $3 million. There is a 25% probability of moderate demand with a present value of $2.5 million. In addition, there is a 35% probability of low demand with a present value is $1.5 million.
Draw a decision tree for this problem. What is the expected net present value of the business? Should you invest? Explain.
Assume that you can expand the project by investing another $0.6 million after you learn the true future demand state. This would make the present value of the business $3.9 million in the high‐demand state, $3.5 million in the moderate demand state, and $1.80 million in the low demand state. Draw a decision tree to reflect the option to expand. Evaluate the alternatives. What is the net present value of the business if you consider the option to expand? How valuable is the option to expand?
You often hear about the trade-off between risk and reward. Is this trade-off part of decision making under uncertainty when the decision maker uses theEMV criterion? For example, how does this work in investment decisions?
Using Excel Spreadsheet and formulas for this problem (make sure cell references are unique to your table). Provide all techniques practiced previously: five (5) techniques for Decisions Making under Uncertainty, EMV, EOL, and EVPI. Use α = 0.7 for the Hurwicz. Use the .50 for the probability of a Good Economy and .50 for the probability of a Poor Economy. Show the work on an Excel file.
STATE OF NATURE
DECISION ALTERNATIVE
GOOD ECONOMY
POOR ECONOMY
Sotck market
80,000
-20,000
Bonds
30,000
20,000
CDs
23,000
23,000
Chapter 9 Solutions
PRACTICAL MGT. SCIENCE (LL)-W/MINDTAP
Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 1PCh. 9.2 - Prob. 2PCh. 9.2 - Prob. 3PCh. 9.3 - Prob. 4PCh. 9.3 - Prob. 5PCh. 9.3 - Prob. 6PCh. 9.3 - Prob. 7PCh. 9.4 - Explain in some detail how the PrecisionTree...Ch. 9.4 - Prob. 9PCh. 9.4 - Prob. 10P
Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 11PCh. 9.5 - Prob. 12PCh. 9.5 - Prob. 13PCh. 9.5 - Prob. 17PCh. 9.5 - Prob. 18PCh. 9.5 - Prob. 19PCh. 9.5 - Prob. 21PCh. 9.5 - The model in Example 9.3 has only two market...Ch. 9.6 - Prob. 26PCh. 9.6 - Prob. 27PCh. 9.6 - Prob. 28PCh. 9 - Prob. 30PCh. 9 - Prob. 31PCh. 9 - Prob. 32PCh. 9 - Prob. 34PCh. 9 - Prob. 36PCh. 9 - Prob. 37PCh. 9 - Prob. 38PCh. 9 - Prob. 39PCh. 9 - Prob. 46PCh. 9 - Prob. 48PCh. 9 - Prob. 53PCh. 9 - Prob. 67PCh. 9 - Prob. 68PCh. 9 - Prob. 69PCh. 9 - Prob. 70PCh. 9 - Prob. 71PCh. 9 - Prob. 72PCh. 9 - Prob. 73PCh. 9 - Prob. 74PCh. 9 - Prob. 75PCh. 9 - Prob. 76PCh. 9 - Prob. 77P
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, operations-management and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- A common decision is whether a company should buy equipment and produce a product in house or outsource production to another company. If sales volume is high enough, then by producing in house, the savings on unit costs will cover the fixed cost of the equipment. Suppose a company must make such a decision for a four-year time horizon, given the following data. Use simulation to estimate the probability that producing in house is better than outsourcing. If the company outsources production, it will have to purchase the product from the manufacturer for 25 per unit. This unit cost will remain constant for the next four years. The company will sell the product for 42 per unit. This price will remain constant for the next four years. If the company produces the product in house, it must buy a 500,000 machine that is depreciated on a straight-line basis over four years, and its cost of production will be 9 per unit. This unit cost will remain constant for the next four years. The demand in year 1 has a worst case of 10,000 units, a most likely case of 14,000 units, and a best case of 16,000 units. The average annual growth in demand for years 2-4 has a worst case of 7%, a most likely case of 15%, and a best case of 20%. Whatever this annual growth is, it will be the same in each of the years. The tax rate is 35%. Cash flows are discounted at 8% per year.arrow_forwardA recent MBA graduate is considering an offer of employment at a biotech company, where she has been offered stock options as part of her compensation package. The options give her the right, but not the obligation, to buy 2500 shares of stock either one year from now or two years from now at a price of $50, which is the current market price of the stock. If the price of the stock has risen above $50 at either time, she can buy 2500 shares at $50 and then immediately sell at the current price, thereby making a risk-free profit. On the other hand, if the price of the stock has dropped below $50, she will not exercise the option because it is “out of the money” and she would loose money. Based on historical market information, she estimates that the stock price in the first year will either go up by 25% from its current price, with probability of 0.55, or it will go down by 15%, with probability of 0.45. In either case, she can exercise the options or wait to see what will happen in the…arrow_forwardTrue/False Decision tree is a method to solve any optimization problem when the outcomes are subject to uncertainty. A risk profile represents the probability distribution of uncertain inputsarrow_forward
- An investor is considering investing in stocks, real estate, or bonds economic conditions. Suppose that the probabilities for good, stable and poor conditions are 0.2, 0.4 and … (figure it out), respectively. Table 1 shows the payoff returns for the investor’s decision situation. Table 1: Investment returns Economic Conditions Investment Good Stable Poor Stocks R5 000 R7 000 R3 000 Real estate -R2 000 R10 000 R6 000 Bonds R4 000 R4 000 R4 000 Assuming the probabilities of the occurrence of the state of nature are unknown, what will be the best investment alternative; a) If the decision maker is pessimistic about the future state, (3) b) If the decision maker strikes a compromise between the maximin and maximax, assuming the coefficient of pessimism is 0.2. (4) c) If the decision is based on opportunistic loss. (6) d) If we use the equally likelihood criterionarrow_forwardConsider the following game of ’divide the dollar.’ There is a dollar to be split between two players. Player 1 can make any offer to player 2 in increments of 25 cents; that is, player 1 can make offers of 0 cents, 25 cents, 50 cents, 75 cents, and $1. An offer is the amount of the original dollar that player 1 would like player 2 to have. After player 2 gets an offer, she has the option of either accepting or rejecting the offer. If she accepts, she gets the offered amount and player 1 keeps the remainder. If she rejects, neither player gets anything. Draw the game tree.Consider the following variant of the ’divide the dollar’ game. Players 1 and 2 move simultaneously; 1 makes an offer to 2 and 2 specifies what would be an acceptable offer. For instance, player 1 might make an offer of 50 cents and player 2 might simultaneously set 25 cents as an acceptable offer. If player 1’s offer is at least as large as what is acceptable to player 2, then we will say that there is an agreement…arrow_forwardA company is considering a new product launch. There is a 0.6 chance that demand for the product will be strong and a 0.4 chance that demand will be weak. Two strategies for the launch are possible: 1 has high promotion costs and a net cash outflow of K120 000 if demand proves to be strong, and if demand proves weak a net cash outflow of (K30 000) will result. Strategy 2 has low promotion costs and if demand is strong will generate a cash inflow of only K80 000 but with weak demand a net cash inflow of K20 000. Draw a decision tree and advise which course of action generates the greatest expected profit. What is the maximum amount that should be paid for market research to determine with certainty whether demand will be strong or weak?arrow_forward
- 2. Using the following table, perform ALL FIVE of the techniques for decision-making under Uncertainty: Maximax, Maximin, Hurwicz Realism (α = 0.7), LaPlace, and Minimax Regret. Show the work on an Excel File. PROFIT ($) STRONG MARKET FAIR MARKET POOR MARKET Large facility 550,000 110,000 -310,000 Medium-sized facility 300,000 129,000 -100,000 Small facility 200,000 100,000 -32,000 No facility 0 0 0arrow_forward2. Using the following table, perform ALL FIVE of the techniques for Decision Making under Uncertainty: Maximax, Maximin, Hurwicz Realism (α = 0.7), LaPlace and Minimax Regret. You must show your work for obtaining the points. PROFIT ($) STRONG MARKET FAIR MARKET POOR MARKET Large facility 550,000 110,000 -310,000 Medium-sized facility 300,00 129,000 -100,000 Small facility 200,000 100,000 -32,000 No facility 0 0 0arrow_forwardConsider a firm run by an “incumbent” manager. Suppose the incumbent manager has the opportunity to invest in one of two different projects, Project 1 or Project 2. The incumbent manager has a higher ability in managing Project 1 rather than Project 2. Also, if theincumbent is fired by shareholders, she is replaced by an “alternative” manager whose ability to manage Project 1 is lower than the incumbent’s ability. Suppose the investment in a project is irreversible, and the shareholders’ choice of the incumbent manager salary (as well as their decision on whether to fire her) is taken afterthe investment is made. Also, assume the incumbent manager has a stake in the firm she runs, but she does not fully control it. Questions:(a) Suppose none of the projects gives the manager a direct utility. According to Shleifer and Vishny (1989), which of the two projects should the incumbent manager choose? What is the economic rationale behind this choice? Explain. (b) Suppose the incumbent…arrow_forward
- The weather evolves in a probabilistic manner based on many factors from one day to the next. Consider the following scenario for the weather in a certain location: The probability of rain tomorrow is 0.6 if it is raining today. The probability of its being clear (no rain) tomorrow is 0.8 if it is clear today. Assume today is Day 0 is Monday, and it’s clear. Also, assume the weather conditions (probabilities of rain and no rain) stay the same for the whole planning period. Build simulation models to answer the following questions: (a) When it is expected to have a clear weekend (Saturday and Sunday)? (b) When it is expected to have two consecutive clear weekends? (c) What is the expected number of rainy days in the first 30 days? State all your assumptions and show the steps of your analysisarrow_forwardConsider a public project with the cost of 500. There are three individuals with the following benefits for the public good: v1=400, v2=200 and v3=0. Which of the following statement is false about the VCG (Vickrey-Clarke-Groves) mechanism? None of the options The budget deficit is 200 VCG mechanism is strategy-proof The tax for individual 3 is equal to 0 The tax for individual 1 is equal to 300arrow_forwardThe fixed cost of $6 million in the Acme problem is evidently not large enough to make Acme abandon the product at the current time. How large would the fixed cost need to be to make the abandon option the bestoption? Explain how the decision tree, especially the version in Figure 9.5, answers this question easily.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Practical Management ScienceOperations ManagementISBN:9781337406659Author:WINSTON, Wayne L.Publisher:Cengage,
Practical Management Science
Operations Management
ISBN:9781337406659
Author:WINSTON, Wayne L.
Publisher:Cengage,