Chapter F, Problem C.8E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Ion that is likely to be formed from nitrogen has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Atoms of the element are neutral.  They tend to lose or gain electrons in order to attain the stable octet configuration of the noble gas.  Generally metals loses electrons and nonmetals gains electrons.  Elements that are present in Group 1 to Group 13 tend to lose electrons until the noble-gas configuration of the noble gas present in previous period is attained.  Elements that is present in Group 14 to Group 17 gain electron till the valence shell has the noble-gas electronic configuration.  Metallic elements form cations while nonmetallic elements form anions.

Charge of the anion formed from main group element can be calculated by finding $N-18$, where $N$ is the group number.

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Ion that is likely to be formed from bismuth has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Refer part (a).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Ion that is likely to be formed from sulfur has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Refer part (a).

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Ion that is likely to be formed from magnesium has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Refer part (a).