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Feb 20, 2024
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ZOOL 690
Quiz 3
1.
Do you agree with the following statement? Explain as fully as you can. (4 pt)
Each new mutation arising in a cell, by its very occurrence, yields evolutionary change.
2.
Which theory of molecular evolution predicts the highest
ratio of mutations that affect fitness
(i.e., survival and reproduction) to mutations that do not affect fitness (fitness-related
mutations:non-fitness-related mutations)? Choose one
. (1 pts)
a.
flow-directed
b.
mutational
c.
neutral
d.
selectionist
e.
survivalist
3.
False or True? (circle one)
William Paley’s ‘watchmaker’ argument (as told by Coyne,
2009) argues that nature is like a watchmaker and evolution is like a watch that nature has
made. Therefore, there is no need to invoke the existence of a supernatural entity or god. (1)
4.
If a population currently has NO
genetic variation [i.e., every individual has the same allele
for a given gene], which of the following might
allow the population to evolve? Circle all
that apply
. (2 pts)
a.
gene flow
b.
mutation
c.
none of the above; if a population has no genetic variation, it cannot possibly evolve.
5.
When two populations are experiencing reciprocal gene flow (bi-directional migration and
reproduction), which of the following is the most likely outcome? Circle the one best answer
.
(2 pts)
a.
The allelic composition of the populations will become more and more different from
one another (= they will diverge).
b.
The allelic composition of the populations will become more and more similar to one
another (= they will homogenize).
c.
The populations will become nearly neutral.
d.
The populations will go extinct.
e.
The populations will mutate.
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Related Questions
Please help
arrow_forward
Activity 4. Evolutionary Though Timeline
thought. Write only the concise key concepts involved in each box.
Directions: Complete the table below to summarize the history of evolutionary
What I Have Learned W
Pre-1800s Evolutionary thought of:
Carolus Linnaeus on nomenclature
and classification
1800s-1900
Thomas Malthus on Human Population
1800s-1900 (continuation)
Georges Cuvier on Extinction
James Hutton and Charles Lyell on
Uniformitarianism
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck on evolution
Charles Darwin on Natural Selection
arrow_forward
Please do all. Choices are the same for all
arrow_forward
show quest
Bikini Bottom Genetics
Name
Scientists at Bikini Bottoms have been investigating the genetic makeup of the organisms in this community.
Use the information provided and your knowledge of genetics to answer each question.
1. For each genotype below, indicate whether it is a heterozygous (He) OR homozygous (Ho).
TT
1
9 PP
12
FF
Bb
DD
Ff 4
tt
Dd 7
ff
8
Tt
9.
bb 10
BB
11
Which of the genotypes in #1 would be considered purebred?
Which of the genotypes in #1 would be hybrids?
2. Determine the phenotype for each genotype using the information provided about SpongeBob.
Yellow body color is dominant to blue.
YY
13
Yy
14
уу
15
Square shape is dominant to round.
16
Ss
17
SS
18
3. For each phenotype, give the genotypes that are possible for Patrick.
A tall head (T) is dominant to short (t).
Tall
Short =
arrow_forward
Hi, I need help answering these questions. I don't understand how to get the rate of evolution. Can someone explain that, please?
arrow_forward
Please answer all (10)
arrow_forward
Evolution Summative Assessment – Prompts and Rubric
1. A species of cactus has spines. How would biologists explain how a species of
cactus with spines evolved from an ancestral cactus species without spines?
2. A species of fly lacks wings. How would biologists explain how a species of fly
without wings evolved from an ancestral fly species with wings?
Proficient answers should include correct references to the science concepts below.
Science idea
Genetic variation
Examples of student language
mutation, recombination, sexual reproduction,
allele mixing
reproduction, passed to offspring
| Heritability
Differential reproductive success Reproductive/survival advantage, more likely
to reproduce/survive
Ex: A genetic variation existed that produced spines on a cactus. The spines gave the
cactus a reproductive advantage (helped it survive and reproduce), and the variation
was passed from generation to generation.
Watch for, and correct, the following naïve ideas
Naive idea
Description…
arrow_forward
33
As
33
As
Light skin
pigmentation
Arsenic-rich
Cold
Elevation
Short
Cholera
resistance environment
Marine
Lactose
Malaria
diet
tolerance
resistance
climate
stature
EVOLUTION 4e, Figure 6.28
© 2017 Sinauer Associates, Inc.
b) Evolutionary biologists often say that evolution "selects for outcomes" not for the particular
genetic changes that lead to that adaptive outcome. Given that perspective, is it surprising that
different gene mutations might be involved in the evolution of the same trait (such as light skin
or adaptation to living in high mountains)? Why or why not?
arrow_forward
Darwin and the Theory of Evolution - V2
So how and why did Charles Darwin come to develop his ground-breaking Theory of Evolution?
In Darwin's lifetime the Christian biblical idea that about 6,000 years ago god created all the species
exactly as we see them, was the accepted belief. When he was only 22, Darwin was the naturalist on the
HMS Beagle. He voyaged around the world for 5 years, with numerous long stops to
and observe. These observations lead him to conclude that Biblical stories could
Darwin made many
that caused him to ask key
Some that he later used to support the Theory of Evolution included:
Darwin's 5 Observations
Key Questions
1. Rodents in South America
and were very
from
Why are similar organisms clustered in
the same regions?
European rodents.
2. The
Why are similar living and fossilized
glyptodont looked like a
armadillo.
organisms found in the same region?
3. The tortoises, finches and plants on the
looked like the nearest
Why did island organisms look like those…
arrow_forward
Learning Resources
My Notes
Visual Glossary
Coding
Assignments
Scores
Progress Monitoring Assessment from B.7CDE Natural
Save
a
Question 1
Natural selection occurs because of all of the following EXCEPT -
more organisms are produced than can survive.
the resources that organisms need are limited.
organisms in a population show variation.
some populations are related to others.
Previous Quesion
Next Question
->
© 2021 Accelerate Learning, Inc. All rights reserved. Terms
MacBook Air
吕0 F3
000
000
F1
F4
F6
F7
arrow_forward
Why does evolution matter now?
List 5 facts of one of the events in the
evolution timeline. Focus on what was
discovered, how the evidence was found and
when scientists learned about these facts.
arrow_forward
The ghost in your genes:
1. The human Genome project began in 1990’s, and intended to do what?
2. Did the human genome project successfully define human complexity? Y or N
3. Early estimates of the genome believed there were ___________ genes.
4. The Human Genome actually contains __________ genes.
5. What animals are we similar to in terms of gene number?
6. 5% of our genes are shared with what species?
7. A disorder in which those inflicted are termed “happy puppet children” characterized by palsy’s, jerky movements, mute, mentally incapacitated, uncharacteristically happy genetic disorder.__
8. On what chromosome is this above disorder found?
9. What do Angelman’s syndrome and Prader-Willis syndrome have in common?
10. IF the deletion found on chromosome 15 was from the father, what disorder did this result in?
11. IF the deletion found on chromosome 15 was from the mother, what disorder did this result in?
12. Genes have a memory of where they came from, and this…
arrow_forward
What's In
Let us review what you have learned from the previous module. Answer the
activity below.
ACTIVITY 1. Match Me!
Directions: Match Column A with the correct answers in Column B by writing
the number of your answers in the Answer Grid. If all your answers are correct,
the sum when answers are added horizontally, vertically, or diagonally will give
you a magic number.
Column A
Column B
a. A process in which new species form
b. Authored the Theory of Evolution by
Natural Selection
1. Thomas Malthus
2. Hybrid sterility
c. It occurs when a hybrid develops,
matures but fails to reproduce
increasing
3. Pre-mating isolating
mechanism
d. States
that
human
4. Jean Baptiste Lamarck
population limits resources
e. Species will
different mating seasons
f. Sought pieces of evidence for the
idea of uniformitarianism
due
to
5. Temporal isolation
not
mate
6. Speciation
arrow_forward
What's In
Let us review what you have learned from the previous module. Answer the
activity below.
ACTIVITY 1. Match Me!
Directions: Match Column A with the correct answers in Column B by writing
the number of your answers in the Answer Grid. If all your answers are correct,
the sum when answers are added horizontally, vertically, or diagonally will give
you a magic number.
Column A
Column B
a. A process in which new species form
b. Authored the Theory of Evolution by
Natural Selection
1. Thomas Malthus
2. Hybrid sterility
3. Pre-mating isolating
mechanism
c. It occurs when a hybrid develops,
matures but fails to reproduce
d. States
population limits resources
e. Species will
different mating seasons
f. Sought pieces of evidence for the
idea of uniformitarianism
that
increasing
human
4. Jean Baptiste Lamarck
due
5. Temporal isolation
not
mate
to
6. Speciation
1
arrow_forward
Explanation
2. Imagine you are a farmer researching the impact of GMFs. What is one advantage and
one disadvantage that would be relevant to your work? Explain each.
3. What was the original purpose of Darwin's voyage on the H.M.S. Beagle, and what was
the ultimate significance of the voyage?
4. Suggest two ways that a synthetic biologist can change the course of evolution.
5. Explain how natural selection and sexual selection can work together to cause the evolu-
tion of large antlers on male moose.
arrow_forward
Part 3: Molecular Evolution Exercise
Below are reported nucleotide sequences for an intron in the same gene for 4 different
species of animals.
A
CCTAAT ACCI
:CGCC AG
B
CCTAATACTACCTA
90G
C
CCTATCCAC.
TGTATAC
D
CCTCAC
PETCTGTTCO
arrow_forward
Calculation problem on genetics. What would be the formula?
arrow_forward
Hello, I need help answering number 35(INCLUDING THE SUB-PARTS) multiple choice questions. Pls and thank you!
35. A.) The significance of genetic polymorphism in evolution relies on the fact that:
a) such genetic polymorphisms do not change over time
b) without genetic differences, natural selection cannot cause evolution
c) phenotypic polymorphism is always the same as genetic polymorphism
d) inbreeding increases the amount of genetic polymorphism in a population
B.) Stabilizing natural selection can occur when:
a) the mean phenotype is evolving to track a changing environment
b) the population is already at a peak on the adaptive landscape
c) the population is adapting to two different ecological niches
d) the selection differential is positive
C.) Evidence that Homo sapiens originated in Africa includes:
a) the highest heterozygosity per locus is found in East Asia
b) populations in Africa show evidence of founder effects
c) populations in Oceania and South America are quite…
arrow_forward
What are the implications of cellular and molecular biology for spontaneous generation and the hypothesis of evolution? Just write in a simple way (easy to understand), no need to be long (just a short paragraph)
arrow_forward
5. Make a molecular evidence cladogram. Cytochrome c is a protein located in the mitochondria of cells
involved with cellular respiration. Compare each organism's Cytochrome CDNA sequences with the
ancestor cell and each other. Highlights are the differences (mutations) present in the cytochrome CDNA
sequences from ancestor cell.
1
2 3
4
5
6
7
8
10
11
12
13
14 15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
7
38
39
ANCESTOR CELL A Т ТА G CGA C СAGTA ТАТ С сТА СА А Т С С G T C T АСТТCАT TO
АМОЕВА
ATTA GC GA CCAGT ITAT C CTA CA AT
C C C G TCTA CT T CAT 11
AT TATC G ACC AGT TT AT C CT ACATT ccc G
ATACT
Т 13
SPONGE
EARTHWORM С ТТА Т С G A С| С С G TT TA Т С СТ А СА Т т
CC C GT
CTACT TC
т| 15
CT TAT C c cc CC G TT TATC CTACTTTCC C GT C TACT TCG T 18
SHARK
CT A ATCCCCCCGT TTAT C CTACTTT C cc GT CTACTTC GT 19
LIZARD
CTA ATC c cc cc G TT TAT C CTACTTT
CC CAT CTACTAAG T 18
KANGAROO
CTA A T C C C CC c G T T IAT C CT ACTT I C C C AT
GTAGT
А GT 18
DOLPHIN
TTA ATC c cccc GTT…
arrow_forward
Fun Non Graded Question.
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Help? me?
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1. Is there a correlation between survival, reproduction and environment color? Explain.
2. Are there any other factors besides color important in determining survival in the simulation?
3. Why did we set the rate of reproduction at 2/survivor? What would happen if one color always had more offspring than other colors?
4. Suppose that a mutation occurs and a white, “albino” bead is born. How well would it survive in your environment?
Please answer all questions please
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Graphical question on biology
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11 del
156 Chapter 13
Mutations are
the source
of all change.
? QUESTION
Kaybee Kauffer.
3. If a rabbit with the defective gene is not fed plants with the pigment,
what color is its fat?
Can you see how the environment influences the expression of a trait?
4. What is different about a gene that creates albino color?
5. Describe the variation in the appearance among individuals in a
population when a trait is single-gene controlled compared to a trait
that is multiple-gene controlled.
Mutations
A mutation is a change in the sequence of nucleotides in the gene
(DNA). A gene can be mutated (changed) by radiation, chemicals in the
environment, or other spontaneous events that are surprisingly common
on this planet.
1. Which amino acid is supposed to be lined up at codon 6?
(Hint: Refer to the table in Exercise #2.)
Glutamic Acid
GAA
10 na na na na na na na nangy
W
Codon 6
2. What would happen if a mutation in DNA changed codon 6 in the
mRNA to GUA? (This one nucleotide substitution creates…
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1a. Discuss the role of Gene Flow in evolution
1b. Explain how Natural Selection operates to bring
about evolutionary change
1c. Explain the attributes of the Biological Species that
ensure that different species do not interbreed.
Your essay including references must not exceed 3
pages
arrow_forward
Please explain to me in the simplest way.....
1.What is environmental evolution?
2. How do all living things share a common ancestor?
3. What is random evolution?
arrow_forward
Evolution in Humans
1) explain how differences in gene expression of genetically similar organism can result in
different evolutionary outcomes
2) describe the evolution of symbolic thought in humans
arrow_forward
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- show quest Bikini Bottom Genetics Name Scientists at Bikini Bottoms have been investigating the genetic makeup of the organisms in this community. Use the information provided and your knowledge of genetics to answer each question. 1. For each genotype below, indicate whether it is a heterozygous (He) OR homozygous (Ho). TT 1 9 PP 12 FF Bb DD Ff 4 tt Dd 7 ff 8 Tt 9. bb 10 BB 11 Which of the genotypes in #1 would be considered purebred? Which of the genotypes in #1 would be hybrids? 2. Determine the phenotype for each genotype using the information provided about SpongeBob. Yellow body color is dominant to blue. YY 13 Yy 14 уу 15 Square shape is dominant to round. 16 Ss 17 SS 18 3. For each phenotype, give the genotypes that are possible for Patrick. A tall head (T) is dominant to short (t). Tall Short =arrow_forwardHi, I need help answering these questions. I don't understand how to get the rate of evolution. Can someone explain that, please?arrow_forwardPlease answer all (10)arrow_forward
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