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The data set attached presents the results of a testcross using female flies heterozygous for three traits and male flies, which are homozygous recessive. For simplicity, mutant alleles are shown with letters a, b, and c and wildtype alleles are indicated by a “+” symbol. For this part of the report do the following in order: a) Determine the gene order (which gene is in the middle?)d) Construct a genetic map for the three genes, including the map distances between them. Clearly indicate the logic you followed and show all your calculations. Include the full distance calculations for the two most distanced genes (do not just add the other 2 distances).  Ensure the work is neat and clear and does not contain spelling or grammatical errors so that it is understandable. Make sure to double check the solution provided.

(Practice Hint: Click or tap your finger on the text in the box to make your selection.) A student is researching why domestic cats often have white patches of fur. The student reads the paragraph shown and makes the following conclusion: "Domestic cats with white fur evolved from wildcats through artificial selection." Select the sentence in the paragraph that best supports the student's conclusion. During embryonic development, certain stem cells determine whether a kitten will be born with solid-color fur or with white patches of fur. Wildcats are the genetic ancestors of the domestic cat and have fur color that blends into their environment. Wildcats that eliminated pests and were less afraid of humans were useful for protecting harvested grains. These cats were cared for by humans and were selected to reproduce. O During embryonic development, certain stem cells determine whether a kitten will be born with solid-color fur or with white patches of fur. Wildcats are genetic…

In the early 1970s, Igor Dawid and Antonie Blacklerconducted classical experiments that first showed directly the maternal inheritance of mtDNA in vertebrates.Their studies used crosses between two closely relatedspecies of frogs, Xenopus laevis and Xenopus borealis,which have mtDNAs that vary in many nucleotides. Thetechniques they used at the time were not sensitiveenough to detect small amounts of paternal DNA. Whattechniques that are highly sensitive to small amounts ofDNA could be used today? How could you use thesetechniques to determine if paternal mitochondrial DNAwas present in the progeny of the interspecies cross?

a) What do the authors say is known and not known about the genetics of butterfly wing patterns? b) What were the controls and experimental manipulations in this experiment? Give specific examples of each from Figure 1. c) Carefully read the the Figure 1 legend. Annotate the copy of Figure 1 by following the instructions in the boxes below. Write everything in your own words and in a way that a general audience would understand.

Let's consider a paternally imprinted gene. A female skink inherited alleles that that confer: 1) a mutant violet tail-color in the egg and 2) a mutant violet tail-color allele in the sperm. A male skink mate inherited a wild-type blue allele from the sperm and a mutant violet allele from the egg. They have 500 offspring. a. What tail color phenotypes do the parent male and parent female skinks have? Briefly explain your reasoning. female = male = b. What fraction of the offspring do you expect to have each phenotype (blue and violet tail color)? Briefly explain your reasoning/show your work.

How can you assess dominance and mapping with only one mutant?

An ancestral gene "Stacin" is involved in initiating parental care in both males and females.  The stacin gene duplicates and mutations arise in both copies that change the function.  One copy becomes specialized to function in male parental care "Patristacin" and the other copy becomes specialized to function in female parental care "Matristacin".  Which of the following terms best describes this change in function in the two sequences? Group of answer choices Profunctionalization Prefunctionalization Subfunctionalization Neofunctionalization

A student crossed a female worm homozygous for the dpy-17 e164 allele with a wild-type male worm heterozygous for dpy-17 e164. He then scored all of the developing eggs/larva for the Dpy phenotype. He found 88 with the Dpy phenotype and 98 wild type.  Do a Chi square test on phenotypic data to determine if your data supports the hypothesis that the mutation segregates as a single-gene mutation.  Show your work in a table and include                                                            Null hypothesis Χ2 value dof p value Conclusion

Your task will ultimately be to generate a hypothesis and test this hypothesis using a chi square test. There are four possible phenotypes for these kernels:Purple and Smooth Purple and Shrunken Yellow and Smooth Yellow and Shrunken The purple colour results from the formation of a purple pigment in the skin of the kernel. The gene locus for the colour trait is designated “R”. The wrinkled phenotype arises from a decrease in the amount starch produced within the kernel. The gene locus for the texture trait is designated “S”. Create a Punnett square for this cross and present the expected phenotypic ratio. Present the results in a table as dihybrids and determine the observed phenotypic ratio of purple/smooth to purple/shrunken to yellow/smooth to yellow/shrunken. Consider the plant as a whole rather than the individual cobs. Generate a null hypothesis and perform a chi square test on the data. Report the equation used, the chi square value, the degrees of freedom, and the resulting…

An undergraduate researcher in your lab is studying mutations affecting the wings of Drosophila melanogaster. She has identified two mutant phenotypes of interest:  bent wings (be), which are recessive to the wild-type straight wings (be+), and apterous (ap) mutants (which are wingless). The apallele is recessive to the wild-type allele (ap+), which allows wings to develop.  If a homozygous bent-winged fly (which possesses the normal allele of apterous) is crossed with a homozygous wingless fly (which possesses the normal allele of bent wings), what phenotypic ratio would you expect to observe in the F2 generation of this cross? a) Please indicate the ratio, including the genotypes and phenotypes of all phenotypic classes.     Phenotype:                                              Genotype(s) corresponding to this phenotype Phenotypic ratio: (Be sure to NAME the classes in the ratio). B) Please NAME and DEFINE the type of gene interaction illustrated in this example.

Figure 19-18a shows a plot of P values (represented bythe dots) along the chromosomes of the dog genome.Each P value is the result of a statistical test of association between a SNP and body size. Other than the clusterof small P values near IGF1, do you see any chromosomalregions with evidence for a significant association between a SNP and body size? Explain

We used/chose a human Rab protein with no direct yeast equivalent as an “outgroup” for this study (image). Question: Why have we chosen a human Rab protein with no direct yeast equivalent as an “outgroup” for this study (image given)?

Using any of the wing shape phenotypes. Think carefully about your experimental set-up, which includes the phenotypes of the parents and the expected proportions in the offspring. You will need to propose which trait is dominant, either the wild-type or the mutant. (Note, many of the fruit fly traits are controlled by multiple factors, so you may not get the expected results.) Now answer the questions below:                                                       a) Describe your experimental setup   b) Complete the table showing your observed and expected results.                                         Phenotypes Observed Expected                Use the chi-square calculator to analyze your results.    c) Provide a summary that includes whether you support or reject the hypothesis

What type of epistasis between locus A and B could be explained by the following biochernical pathway? A B. Yellow Orange Red Select one: O single recessive epistasis O duplicate dorninant epistasis O duplicate genes with cumulative effect O dominant/recessive epistasis O single dominant epistasis O duplicate recessive epistasis Hint: Use the biochemical pathway to predict the phenotypes you would expect for various genotypes. If you did a dihybrid cross what phenotypic ratio would you expect?

The plots above show the distribution of SNP alleles similar to Neanderthal genomes, in two ancient human genomes, A (left)  and B (right).  They were isolated from bone fragments, between 42,000 and 45,000 years old, found in Romania and Bulgaria.  The mitochondrial DNA from both individuals was also sequenced, and was wholly similar to that of modern humans, not Neanderthals.  Which of the following statements is NOT consistent with these data?     Question 2 options:   A)  The maternal grandmother of individual A was Neanderthal.   B)  Individual A had more recent Neanderthal ancestors than individual B.   C)  Some modern humans and Neanderthals interbred, about 45,000 years ago.   D)  The common ancestors of Neanderthals and all modern humans lived over 800,000 years ago.

You join a project where the team is working on mapping three genes of a plant-like organism. The group is interested in three traits: flower color (red or purple; encoded by gene Color [C]), leaf texture (smooth or hairy; encoded by gene Texture [T]), and petal veins (present or absent; encoded by gene Vein [V]). One of the extraterrestrial geneticists (Dr. Jerry) hypothesizes that the genes for these traits are each on separate chromosomes that sort independently. You hypothesize that the genes for these traits are completely linked on the same chromosome and that they are all inherited together. 1.You cross 100 plants that are true-breeding for red flowers, hairy leaves, and petal veins (P1) with 100 plants that are true-breeding for purple flowers, smooth leaves, and no petal veins (P2). 500 plants of the F1 generation all have red flowers, hairy leaves, and petal veins. What does this tell you about the linkage between these genes? P1 P2 Purple Petals Smooth Leaves Veins Absent…

For three years, Gunther Schlager and Margaret Dickie estimated theforward and reverse mutation rates for five loci in mice that encodevarious aspects of coat color by examining more than 5 million mice forspontaneous mutations (G. Schlager and M. M. Dickie. 1966. Science151:205–206). They detected the following numbers of mutations at thedilute locus:                             Gametes examined                   Mutations detectedForwardmutations           260,675                                           5Reversemutations            583,360                                           2   Calculate the forward and reverse mutation rates at this locus. If thesemutations rates are representative of rates in natural populations of mice,what would the expected equilibrium frequency of dilute mutations be?

White throated sparrows have been called 'the bird with four sexes' because of their supergene. Within white throated sparrows there is 'disassortative mating' for alleles at this super gene - every breeding pair has one individual who has a tan throat, and one individual with a white throat (Tuttle et al. 2016, Current Biology, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2015.11.069). Tan striped sparrows are homozygous whereas white striped sparrows are heterozygous. From this, we conclude which of the following about the super gene: White throat homozygotes could be inviable Tan alleles are haploinsufficent White alleles are 'poisonous' Multiple genes in the super gene are interacting

In fruit flies, you are studying three genes, whose recessive alleles can generate interesting traits. The abnormal traits are “short” – gene s, “ruby-eyed” – gene r, and “ebony body” – gene e. You have been provided an F1 population of flies that are heterozygous at all three of these gene and you testcross these flies by “ssrree” flies. The attached image lists any recessive traits displayed by the flies, unlisted traits are wild type. a) the genotype of the parental flies used to make the F1 population,b) determine if any of these three genes are located on the same chromosome or are unlinked,c) if possible, correct your data for double crossover events evidenced in the ratios,

In fruit flies, you are studying three genes, whose recessive alleles can generate interesting traits. The abnormal traits are “short” – gene s, “ruby-eyed” – gene r, and “ebony body” – gene e. You have been provided an F1 population of flies that are heterozygous at all three of these gene and you testcross these flies by “ssrree” flies. The attached image lists any recessive traits displayed by the flies, unlisted traits are wild type. d) develop a genetic map for this locus, noting your calculated map distances.e) If possible, calculate interference

Using the figure and the following background information answer the following questions about the figure Background: Identification of the genetic cause of hornlessness in cattle has been the subject of intensive genetic and genomic research, culminating in the nomination of two different candidate neomutations on cattle chromosome 1 that are predicted to have arisen 500-1,000 years ago: a complex allele of Friesian origin (PF), an 80,128 base pair (bp) duplication (1909352-1989480 bp), and a second, simple allele of Celtic origin (PC) corresponding to a duplication of 212 bp (chromosome 1 positions 1705834-1706045) in place of a 10-bp deletion (1706051-1706060)We report the use of genome editing using transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) to introgress the putative PC POLLED allele into the genome of bovine embryo fibroblasts to try and produce a genotype identical to what is achievable using natural mating, but without the attendant genetic drag and admixture. In…

Question 3 Which of the following is true regarding maternal effect gene inheritance? O A) The maternal parent decides the phenotype of female progeny only. O B) The paternal parent does not contribute an allele. () C) Complete dominance does not apply. D) The inheritance of genotype follows Mendelian principles. CS Scanned with CamScanner

A. What is the wild progenitor of maize and where is it found? B. George Beadle concluded that this plant was the likely ancestor of maize (corn) even though the two plants appear very different. What evidence did Dr. Beadle collect that led to his conclusion?  C. How long ago was maize domesticated and what evidence was utilized to determine this? D. Dr. Doebley and his team compared the DNA sequence of maize to that of a number of teosinte varieties from throughout Mexico. What did their analysis reveal?

Please solve question b) and c) * The seized tusks came for elephant #8.

Please solve question b) and c) * The seized tusks came for elephant #8.

Please solve question b) and c) * The seized tusks came for elephant #8.

Select all examples of mutations that are likely to be dominant to wild-type alleles. Select all examples of mutations that are likely to be dominant to wild-type alleles. Check All That Apply An amorphic allele of Gene B when Gene B is haploinsufficient. A hypomorphic allele of Gene A that reduces its function by 75%, when one wild-type allele of Gene A is sufficient for a wild-type phenotype. A hypermorphic allele of Gene C that encodes a constitutively active protein. An antimorphic allele of Gene D that encodes a protein that forms homodimers. A neomorphic allele of Gene Ethat results in expression of a transcription factor in the wrong cell types.

A male black short furred cat mates with a ginger short furred female cat – without further information and using the information you have provided in your keys above, what are the possible genotypes of these two cats and why? (Hint: You need to show the genotypes as an expression of both genes together - and you need to explain the logic of how you have arrived at your answer).

While studying the genetics of the "Cute Faced Bat" face structure gene, three alleles ) are identified that produce 6 genotypes and 4 phenotypes “Cute”, “Super Cute Nose”, “Super Cute Face”, and “Super, Duper Cute” (equally expressing both Super Cute Face and Super Cute Nose). Given these observations, what can you conclude about the allele interactions?

Asthma is a common medical condition that is influenced by genetics and environment. In the US, appraximately 9% of adults have asthma. A recent genome wide association study (GWAS) identifieda genetic variation that increases asthma risk by S0% when a single copy of the risk variant is present in a genome. Which value below would represent the approximate asthma risk of an individual with this genetic variation in their genome? Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a 59% b 50% 14.5% 9.5% e 9%

Blue eye color allele (b) is recessive to the dominant to the black eye color allele (B). When we sequence around the locus of the blue gene from 10 pure breed species and 10 black pure breed species we notice difference in dna sequence. The black eye species have short tandem repeat (STR), which is a short DNA sequence that is repeated 6 times in the species with blue eyes, and 10 times in the species with black eyes. These repeats are only 4 cM apart from the orange gene locus. You design a PC test that distinguishes between the 6 and 10 STRs by electrophoresis. Make pedigree that will let us to identify which alleles of the blue gene was the dominant and or recessive?

Assume an ideal diploid population of size 2N=32 (Just like the Buri Drosophila drift experiment with 16 individuals, or 32 gene copies, every generation). a) What is the probability that a neutral allele present in exactly 16 copies will CHANGE BY FEWER than 2 copies in the next generation? Be sure you understand that this includes cases where the number of copies remains unchanged, as well as the cases (plural!) where the magnitude of change between generations is one. b) What is the ultimate probability of fixation for this allele by drift? c) In the same population, what is the probability that a neutral allele present in exactly 2 copies will change by fewer than 2 copies (same meaning as above) in the next generation? d) What is the ultimate probability of fixation for this allele by drift?

What does codominance mean in genetics? Select one: O a. Both alleles are expressed only when they are homozygous O b. Each allele is both dominant and recessive O c. The alleles are neither dominant nor recessive O d. Both alleles make products that are expressed when present /quiz/attempt.php?attempt=1173673&cmid=3837312&page=13# MacBook Pro

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The diagram below represents results of agarose gel electrophoresis performed after PCR amplification of a molecular marker in diploid organisms. Answer the following questions: a) How many individuals are homozygous and how many are heterozygous? b) How many alleles are there in this population?

suppose that for sexually active male drosophila fruit flies in a particular genetic lab, the mean lifespan is 38.9 days, with a standard deviation of 12.0 days. When she experimentally removed all female from a simple random sample of 24 drosophila male flies in this lab, a researcher found that the 24 sexually inactive males had a mean lifespan of 62.5 days, with a standard deviation of 14.1 days. Answer the questions below about the experiment about testing whether sexually activity significantly affects the mean lifespan of Drosophila males.   a. in this experiment what was the independent variable?  b. in this experiment what was the dependent variable?

3) You have identified an interesting mutant in gene P. Using a Punnett square, demonstrate the cross you perform to determine if it is a dominant or recessive mutation compared to the WT gene P allele. Write the expected ratios for either scenario.  4) You have determined the mutation is dominant when compared to the WT allele. Briefly describe a technique you could use to determine if expression levels of gene P have been altered in this mutant.  5) You have determined the expression level of gene P has increased. What class/type of mutation would cause this?