RNAProteinSynthesisSE (2)
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2019
Name: Cyrano
Date: ________________________
Student Exploration: RNA and Protein Synthesis
Vocabulary:
amino acid, anticodon, codon, gene, messenger RNA, nitrogenous base, nucleotide, ribosome, RNA, RNA polymerase, transcription, transfer RNA, translation
Prior Knowledge Questions (Do these BEFORE using the Gizmo
.)
1.
Suppose you want to design and build a house. How would you communicate your design plans with the construction crew that would work on the house?
Blueprints
2.
Cells build large, complicated molecules such as proteins. What do you think cells use as their “design plans” for proteins? DNA
Gizmo Warm-up
Just as a construction crew uses blueprints to build a house, a cell uses DNA as plans for building proteins. In addition to DNA, another nucleic acid, called RNA
, is involved in making proteins.
In the RNA and Protein Synthesis Gizmo, you will use both DNA
and RNA to construct a protein out of amino acids
.
1.
DNA is composed of the nitrogenous bases
adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T). RNA is composed of adenine, cytosine, guanine, and uracil (U).
Look at the SIMULATION pane. Is the displayed segment a part of a DNA or RNA molecule? How do you know?
DNA, it has thymine and not uracil
2.
RNA polymerase
is a type of enzyme. Enzymes help chemical processes occur quickly. Drag the yellow RNA polymerase molecule onto the DNA strand. Describe what happens.
It splits the DNA
2019
Activity A: Transcription
Get the Gizmo ready
: ●
If necessary, drag the RNA polymerase
molecule onto the DNA strand.
Introduction: The first stage of building a protein involves a process known as transcription
. In transcription, a segment of DNA serves as a template to produce a complementary strand of RNA. This complementary strand is called messenger RNA
, or mRNA.
Question: What occurs during transcription?
1.
Experiment
: Like DNA, RNA follows base-pairing rules. Experiment to find which RNA nucleotide
on the right side of the Gizmo will successfully pair with the thymine at the top of
the template strand of DNA. (NOTE: The DNA on the right side is the template strand.)
Which RNA base bonded with the thymine? adenine
2.
Experiment
: The next three bases on the DNA template strand are adenine, cytosine, and guanine. Use the Gizmo to answer the following questions:
A.
Which RNA base bonds with adenine? uracil
B.
Which RNA base bonds with cytosine? guanine
C.
Which RNA base bonds with guanine? cytosine
3.
Observe
: In molecules of RNA, uracil takes the place of the DNA base thymine
.
4.
Build
: Continue building the strand of mRNA until you have used all of the RNA nucleotides. What is the nucleotide sequence of the mRNA strand you built? AUGCUGACCUAG
5.
Apply
: Suppose a template strand of DNA had the following sequence:
T A C G G A T A A C T A C C G G G T A T T C A A What would be the complementary strand of mRNA?
A U G C C U A U U G A U G G C C C A U A A G U U
6.
Predict
: How would a change to the sequence of nucleotides in a DNA segment affect the mRNA transcribed from the DNA? It would change the sequence of the mRNA
2019
Activity B: Translation
Get the Gizmo ready
: ●
Once the mRNA strand has been built, click Continue
.
Introduction: After a strand of mRNA has been built, the strand exits the cell’s nucleus. The second stage of protein synthesis, called translation
, occurs next. During translation, the strand
of mRNA is used to build a chain of amino acids.
Question: What occurs during translation?
Codon
mRNA bases
1
AUG
2
CUG
3
ACC
1.
Observe
: Examine the strand of mRNA. Each group of three bases of mRNA is called a codon
. While the mRNA strand may be longer, translation begins at the universal start codon
, which has the bases AUG. In the table at right, list the nitrogenous bases in the first three codons. (Hint: Start from the top
of the strand and read down.) 2.
Predict
: Translation starts when a ribosome
(the purple structure on the SIMULATION pane) binds to a strand of mRNA. Transfer RNA
, or tRNA, begins bringing amino acids into the ribosome. Each tRNA molecule carries only one kind of amino acid. This amino acid is determined by the tRNA’s anticodon
, a set of three unpaired bases. Which anticodon do you think would attach to the mRNA’s start codon? UAC
Place this tRNA molecule next to the start codon. 3.
Observe
: Place the next two tRNA molecules on the mRNA strand. What happens? They build an amino acid and the anticodon breaks off
As each tRNA molecule binds to the mRNA, the ribosome joins the amino acid carried by the tRNA to the growing amino acid chain.
4.
Describe
: UAG (as well as UAA and UGA) is an example of a stop codon
. Molecules called release factors
bind to stop codons. Place the release factor on the mRNA molecule. What happens? The amino acid chain finishes
Click Continue
. Your protein is now complete. Most actual proteins consist of sequences of hundreds of amino acids.
(Activity B continued on next page)
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Related Questions
topic: translation
how is the growing polypeptide released from the ribosomal assembly?
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Topic: Nucleic Acids (DNA/RNA)
Transcription
Differentiate sense strand form antisense strand.
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Mc
Graw
Hill
Education
DNA, RNA, Protein
Save and Exit
Question 6 of 10 V
Categorize each of the following descriptions as mRNA, FRNA, or tRNA. NOTE: Some answers might be used for all types of RNA.
MRNA
rRNA
TRNA
Synthesizes
Associates
Can be
Found in the
Made up of
two subunits
Involved in
Involved in
Transports
Carries the
transcription
translation
amino acids
genetic
proteins
with RNA
found in the
nucleus
information
polymerase
cytoplasm
from DNA
Done and Review
Next Question
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(DALL
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Amino acid
Large subunit of
ribosome
tRN4
Small subunit of
ribosome
mRNA
Anticodon
Submit
Request Answer
Chamon
4rl
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Direction: Please answer letter B and email C thoroughly and explain your answer. Thank you so much.
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Directions: Transcribe the DNA sequence in the space provided. Use your notes and what you know.
Remember, what pairs with A? With C?
DNA sequence: ACСА СТА ССТ СТС АТT
MRNA sequence: UGU GAU
Directions: Now use the codon chart to translate the mRNA sequence into an amino acid chain.
Second letter
A
G
UUUPhe
UAU Tyr
UCU
UCC
UCA
UCG
UGU
UGCCYS
UAA Stop UGA Stop A
UUC
UAC
Ser
UUA
UUG
Leu
UAG Stop UGG Trp
G
CAU
CGU]
CUU
CUC
CUA
CUG
CCU
CCC
CCA
CCG
His
CAC
CAA
Gin
CGC
Leu
Pro
CGA
Arg
A
CAG
CGG
AAU Asn
ACU
ACC
ACA
AUG Met ACG
AGU ser
AGC
AGA Arg
AUU
AUC Fle
AAC
Thr
AUA
AAA
AAGLYS
AGG.
G
GGU
GGC
GCU)
GAU
GUU
GUC
GUA
GUG
GAC Asp
GAA
GCC
Ala
GCA
Gly
Val
GGA
A
GCG
Glu
GGG
GAG,
Amino acid sequence:Cys + Asp
First letter
Third letter
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QOD #6
Directions: Label the illustration below using the following terms: MRNA, ÉRNA, rRNA/ribosome,
transcription, translation, codon, polypeptide chain/protein. Each term will only be used once.
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SAY IT WITH DNA: PROTEIN SYNTHESIS WORKSHEET: Practice Pays
Student Handout
Having studied the process by which DNA directs the synthesis of proteins, you should be ready to decode
some DNA "secret" messages. To do this, you must follow the procedure of protein synthesis as this is taking place
right now in your cells; no short cuts! Practice these steps by following and finishing the partially solved message
below.
STEP 1: "Build" the mRNA molecule, matching the RNA nucleotides to the DNA nucleotides properly, letter by
letter. (For purposes of simplicity, it will be assumed that this mRNA is bacterial; there are no introns to cut out!)
STEP 2: Figure out the tRNA triplets (codons) that would fit the mRNA triplets (letter by letter).
STEP 3: Look up each tRNA codon in the tRNA Dictionary (below), and find the corresponding symbol and amino
acid abbreviation for that codon. Record that one-letter symbol (and its amino acid) below each codon. "Spc" =
"space". If you have done this…
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Help me answer this
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Question: Write the sequence of nucleotides in the blanks below and include 5' to 3' labels to show the firection of the strand:
Dna: 3' T-A-C C-A-G 5'
mRNA: 5' _-_-_ _-_-_ 3'
Fill in the blanks.
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Answer the following questions regarding the diagram (below) showing translation. The
ribosome is shown as the blue and green structure, the RNA is the horizontal line labeled
with nucleotide abbreviations, and the tRNAs are shown as colored blocks with the
anticodon paired to the codon.
• What stage of translation is shown?
[Select]
• Which position shows the "A" position? [
[Select]
• Which end of the RNA is the 5' end? [Select]
• Which base of the anticodon "AUC" (shown in the diagram) is the 5' end?
[Select]
CAG
GAUCAUCGUCUAGAUUGCACAAU
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WATCH REVIEW VIDEO: How to Read a Codon Chart
DO NOT START UNTIL YOU FIND AN AUG IN THE MRNA AND STOP WHEN YOU REACH A STOP CODON
(codon chart is on next page, sorry)
DNA
mRNA
Amino Acids
ATC-TAC-AGC-TTC-CCG-TGA-ACT
Ala
Asp
Glu
UC
UCAG
UC AG
Ser
UCAG
Tyr
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Please answer the following question, thank you!
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Slide 1
Please help me explain this on my report on cell dogma
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Answer the following questions regarding the diagram (below) showing translation. The
ribosome is shown as the blue and green structure, the RNA is the horizontal line labeled
with nucleotide abbreviations, and the tRNAs are shown as colored blocks with the
anticodon paired to the codon.
• What stage of translation is shown? elongation
• Which position shows the "A" position? right side (no tRNA)
• Which end of the RNA is the 5' end?
left end
• Which base of the anticodon of the blue tRNA "GAC" (as shown in the diagram) is the 5'
end of the anticodon?
the C
CUAGAC
UAGAUCUGCUACUAGUAACACĞU
arrow_forward
Answer the following questions regarding the diagram (below) showing translation. The
ribosome is shown as the blue and green structure, the RNA is the horizontal line labeled
with nucleotide abbreviations, and the tRNAs are shown as colored blocks with the
anticodon paired to the codon.
• What stage of translation is shown?
elongation
• Which position shows the "A" position?
right side (no tRNA)
• Which end of the RNA is the 5' end? left end
• Which base of the anticodon of the blue tRNA "GAC" (as shown in the diagram) is the 5'
end of the anticodon?
the C
U!
UCUGCUACUAGUAACACGU
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Use the three letter code for amino acids. If they stop codon is encountered use the word stop without quotation marks. A set of nucleotides in an original DNA strand reads: CTA CTC TTT. Transcribe the short DNA sequence. Then translate the same sequence. 
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answer this section please
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Answer this correctly and quickly
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Match the correct answer to each blank. Note that each answer (1 through 4) can be used more than once
Eukaryotic mRNAs
Prokaryotic mRNAs
Transfer RNAs
Ribosomal RNAs
1. They contain exons and introns _____
2. They are the template of genetic informtaion during protein synthesis ______
3. They contain unusual or modified nitrogenous bases ______
4. They display an anticodon each ______
5. They have a cloverleaf structure ______
6. They are synthesized by RNA polymerases ______
7. They get charged with an amino acid by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase ______
8. They are capped on their 5' ends and polyadenylated on their 3' ends
9. There are 4 types of these in eukaryotes and only 3 types in E. coli ______
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describe the process of reading a gene and turning it into a protein in a eukaryote.Your first paragraph should summarize transcription and your second paragraph should summarize translation. USE THE FOLLOWING 12 TERMS IN YOUR DECRIPTION: transcription, messenger RNA (mRNA), RNA polymerase, nucleus, ribosome, RNA splicing, exon, intron, translation, cytoplasm, transfer RNA (tRNA), codon.
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I need help determining which part of the DNA and RNA(?)molecules are which. I'm also unsure of what translation and transcription are.
Word bank: amino acid, protein, anticodon, mRNA, tRNA, codon, ribosome(used), DNA(used)
Thank you so much!!
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Synthesize a Protein
Below is a region of a gene. Transcribe the gene into a pre-mRNA strand.
DNA
C
T
A
T
T
G
C
A
C
C
T
G
A
G
T
C
C
A
mRNA
What is the name of the enzyme which catalyzes this reaction? _________________________________
What three things must then happen to the pre-mRNA you just synthesized before it is allowed to exit the nucleus?
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Lab was on the translation process from mRNA to amino acid, post-translational modification of proteins, protein synthesis processing in the ribosome, the primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structures of protein and the basic principles of mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF)
Reflect on three to four key concepts that you learned in this lab exercise. How could the lessons learned in this virtual lab relate to a real world situation in the community/world or your future career? Be specific in your answer (this should require 5-10 sentences)
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es/2015347/quizzes/5825805/take
The "factory" itself, made of two
[Choose]
subunits
[Choose ]
FRNA
The site from which the growing
polypeptide chain exits the ribosome
RELEASE FACTOR
CODON
RIBOSOME
P SITE
The processed copy of DNA that
UGA
carries its sequence of codons to the
TRNA
ribosome
AUG
ANTICODON
MRNA
The carriers of each unique amino acid
E-SITE
to A-site of the ribosome
The three letter message carried to
[ Choose ]
the ribosome on the "toes" of the
TRNA
The site from which the now empty
[ Choose ]
TRNA leaves the ribosome
The first codon required to initiate
[ Choose ]
translation (on the mRNA).
The binding chemical that comes
along once the STOP codon is
encountered: disassembles the
ribosomal complex
[Choosc]
hp
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NOTE THIS: DECODE IT PLEASE
JUST PROVIDE A BRIEF ANSWER.
PLEASE HELP ME OUT, I'M BEGGING YOU PLEASE.
THANK YOU SO MUCH IN ADVANCE
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I need help with a matching biology question:
This is a single stranded molecule that in Eukaryotes passes from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
This makes up the ribosomal subunits and reads the mRNA.
They carry amino acids during the process of translation.
The structure is the site of translation.
This is the enzyme complex that is used to copy DNA during transcription
matched with:
ribosome
mRNA
rRNA
tRNA
RNA polymerase
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Describe the process of translating mRNA into proteins. Be sure to also include the following key terms: tRNA, ribosomes, codon, base pairs, cytoplasm, amino acids.
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What happens during transcription?
Answer using 3-5 complete sentences and at least 5 of
the key vocabulary terms.
Answers should be entirely in your own words.
Key Vocabulary from Unit 4.2
Transcription
Translation
DNA
MRNA
TRNA
Amino acid
Protein
Nucleotide
Nucleus
Submit
Ribosome
Codon
Base pairs
Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine, Uracil
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Answer the following questions regarding the diagram (below) showing translation. The
ribosome is shown as the blue and green structure, the RNA is the horizontal line labeled
with nucleotide abbreviations, and the tRNAs are shown as colored blocks with the
anticodon paired to the codon.
• What stage of translation is shown? elongation
⚫ Which position shows the "A" position? middle (contains blue tRNA)
. Which end of the RNA is the 5' end?
left end
• Which base of the anticodon of the blue tRNA "GAC" (as shown in the diagram) is the
end of the anticodon? the C
CUAGAC
AGAUCUGCUACUAGUAACACGU
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2015347/quizzes/5825797/take
17. The DNA code for a gene is: TAC GGG ACA GCG.
What is the codon for the mRNA?
DNA
coding strand
bases
messenger RNA
non-coding strand
O TAC GGG ACA GCG
ATG TTT TAT CGC
O AUG CCC UGU CGC
O Ala-Phe-Ser-Lys
O Morc than one correct answer
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#3
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Modified True or False: Write TRUE if the statement is correct, if the statement is false, change the word/ words in (parenthesis) to make it correct
1. Between the two strands of a DNA segment, the nitrogen bases are held together by (phosphodiester bond).
2. When the ribosome encounters (UAG) in the mRNA it will terminate translation.
3. (mRNA) moves from the nucleus to the cytoplasm prior to translation
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I NEED A HELP WITH THIS QUESTION FOR BIO
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Need help
Below is a strand of mRNA with three codons listed on the strand. Imagine the mRNA strand is in the cytoplasm of a cell and translation is in progress. Draw and label all the necessary main players needed for translation to occur. Included in your drawing should also bee 3 tRNAs , these 3 tRNAs should represent two different forms of tRNA.
MRNA 5' ------------AUG------------AGG----------GAG
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DNA, RNA, AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS (FILL IN THE BLANKS)
GIVEN THE FOLLOWING CODING SEQUENCE FOR DNA, PROVIDE THE SEQUENCE OF THE COMPLEMENTARY(TEMPLATE) SEQUENCE.
CODING SEQUENCE/ 5' ATGCATAGATTAGGATATCCCAGATAG 3'
COMPLEMENTARY SEQUENCE: 3' ______________________________ 5'
CODING SEQUENCE ~ mRNA transcript: 5' _______________________ 3'
TRANSLATE THE GIVEN mRNA TRANSCRIPT INTO A POLYPEPTIDE SEQUENCE (REFER TO THE GENETIC CODE)
POLYPEPTIDE SEQUENCE: _________________________________
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Related Questions
- topic: translation how is the growing polypeptide released from the ribosomal assembly?arrow_forwardTopic: Nucleic Acids (DNA/RNA) Transcription Differentiate sense strand form antisense strand.arrow_forwardMc Graw Hill Education DNA, RNA, Protein Save and Exit Question 6 of 10 V Categorize each of the following descriptions as mRNA, FRNA, or tRNA. NOTE: Some answers might be used for all types of RNA. MRNA rRNA TRNA Synthesizes Associates Can be Found in the Made up of two subunits Involved in Involved in Transports Carries the transcription translation amino acids genetic proteins with RNA found in the nucleus information polymerase cytoplasm from DNA Done and Review Next Question Privacy and Cookies| Terms of Use | Minimum Requirements | Platform Status 2021 McGraw-Hill Education. All Rights Reserved. 9:56 AM A ENG (DALL 4/8/2021 P Type here to searcharrow_forward
- Amino acid Large subunit of ribosome tRN4 Small subunit of ribosome mRNA Anticodon Submit Request Answer Chamon 4rl Torms of Use | Privacy Policy | Permissarrow_forwardDirection: Please answer letter B and email C thoroughly and explain your answer. Thank you so much.arrow_forwardDirections: Transcribe the DNA sequence in the space provided. Use your notes and what you know. Remember, what pairs with A? With C? DNA sequence: ACСА СТА ССТ СТС АТT MRNA sequence: UGU GAU Directions: Now use the codon chart to translate the mRNA sequence into an amino acid chain. Second letter A G UUUPhe UAU Tyr UCU UCC UCA UCG UGU UGCCYS UAA Stop UGA Stop A UUC UAC Ser UUA UUG Leu UAG Stop UGG Trp G CAU CGU] CUU CUC CUA CUG CCU CCC CCA CCG His CAC CAA Gin CGC Leu Pro CGA Arg A CAG CGG AAU Asn ACU ACC ACA AUG Met ACG AGU ser AGC AGA Arg AUU AUC Fle AAC Thr AUA AAA AAGLYS AGG. G GGU GGC GCU) GAU GUU GUC GUA GUG GAC Asp GAA GCC Ala GCA Gly Val GGA A GCG Glu GGG GAG, Amino acid sequence:Cys + Asp First letter Third letterarrow_forward
- QOD #6 Directions: Label the illustration below using the following terms: MRNA, ÉRNA, rRNA/ribosome, transcription, translation, codon, polypeptide chain/protein. Each term will only be used once.arrow_forwardSAY IT WITH DNA: PROTEIN SYNTHESIS WORKSHEET: Practice Pays Student Handout Having studied the process by which DNA directs the synthesis of proteins, you should be ready to decode some DNA "secret" messages. To do this, you must follow the procedure of protein synthesis as this is taking place right now in your cells; no short cuts! Practice these steps by following and finishing the partially solved message below. STEP 1: "Build" the mRNA molecule, matching the RNA nucleotides to the DNA nucleotides properly, letter by letter. (For purposes of simplicity, it will be assumed that this mRNA is bacterial; there are no introns to cut out!) STEP 2: Figure out the tRNA triplets (codons) that would fit the mRNA triplets (letter by letter). STEP 3: Look up each tRNA codon in the tRNA Dictionary (below), and find the corresponding symbol and amino acid abbreviation for that codon. Record that one-letter symbol (and its amino acid) below each codon. "Spc" = "space". If you have done this…arrow_forwardHelp me answer thisarrow_forward
- Question: Write the sequence of nucleotides in the blanks below and include 5' to 3' labels to show the firection of the strand: Dna: 3' T-A-C C-A-G 5' mRNA: 5' _-_-_ _-_-_ 3' Fill in the blanks.arrow_forwardAnswer the following questions regarding the diagram (below) showing translation. The ribosome is shown as the blue and green structure, the RNA is the horizontal line labeled with nucleotide abbreviations, and the tRNAs are shown as colored blocks with the anticodon paired to the codon. • What stage of translation is shown? [Select] • Which position shows the "A" position? [ [Select] • Which end of the RNA is the 5' end? [Select] • Which base of the anticodon "AUC" (shown in the diagram) is the 5' end? [Select] CAG GAUCAUCGUCUAGAUUGCACAAUarrow_forwardWATCH REVIEW VIDEO: How to Read a Codon Chart DO NOT START UNTIL YOU FIND AN AUG IN THE MRNA AND STOP WHEN YOU REACH A STOP CODON (codon chart is on next page, sorry) DNA mRNA Amino Acids ATC-TAC-AGC-TTC-CCG-TGA-ACT Ala Asp Glu UC UCAG UC AG Ser UCAG Tyrarrow_forward
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