Filtration_Hydraulics_Team_Lab_Report

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Florida Institute of Technology *

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3115

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Chemistry

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Feb 20, 2024

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Florida Institute of Technology College of Engineering Department of Chemical Engineering CHE-3115 ChE Process Laboratory 1 Team Report #1 Experiment #3 Filtration Hydraulics Lab Performed By: Damian Ezell, Brock Wohlnick, Emma Mathioudakis, Zachary Teachey For: Dr. Bo Wang Experiment Performed on: October 12th, 2023 Date: October 26th, 2023 Team: F Partners: Emma Mathioudakis, Zachary Teachey Grade: Brock Wohlnick

1 Introduction: The purpose of this experiment was to get a better understanding of flow hydraulics in both fixed and fluidized beds containing a granular media, in this case, sand. During the experiment, the fixed bed received various flow rates of water between 0-10 L/s per m 2 of the column’s cross sectional area and was recorded and compared to the other flow rates. Additionally, the height of all six piezometers as well as the height of the water in the overflow tank at each varying flow rate. Using these values, the pressure drop between each layer of sand can be calculated. The procedure for the fluidized bed was very similar to the procedure for the fixed bed. Instead, the flow of the water was supplied to the bottom of the column, allowing an upward flow to occur. Similar to the fluidized bed, the varying flow rate and height was recorded and used to produce a value for pressure drop. With these values the net weight of the media within the column could be calculated. In theory, the value of the net weight would be equal to the pressure drop observed across the fluidized bed. One of the most common applications of filtration hydraulics in Florida is in a pool through a sand filter. Similar to the packed bed in this experiment, sand filters force water from the top of the tank through the sand, helping with pressure as well as removing any debris and contaminants in the water. Once the water goes through the filter, it is returned back to the pool much cleaner than it previously was.

2 Equipment and Procedures: 2.1 Description of the apparatus: The experimental apparatus used during the course of this lab was the column. The column was comprised of three main sections. On top of the column there was a reservoir tank with an inflow and overflow lines. The column itself was roughly a 1.25 meter cylindrical tube filled approximately 0.75 meters of sand. The column was marked with height indicators from the bottom to the top of the column. On the bottom of the column there was a pressure valve with an associated pressure gauge that could be manipulated to change the flow of water flowing up into the column (for the fluidized bed portion of the experiment). Next to this valve and gauge was an outflow or effluent flow pipe that drained the column during the fixed bed portion of the lab. Attached to the right of the column via various individual lines were piezometers. 2.2 General Diagram of Experimental apparatus Figure 1: Media Characterization of Experiment

3 Figure 2: Flow Diagram for Fixed Bed portion of the Experiment Figure 3: Flow Diagram for Fluidized bed portion of the Experiment

4 2.3 Procedure: (Same as procedure) 2.31 Start up Procedure: Prior to working with the column, the media characterization was accomplished. In this portion of the lab 75 grams of sand was poured into a graduated cylinder of 50 milliliters of water. The sand was then compacted using a stirring rod. Data was gathered from this portion of the lab to characterize the density and porosity of the sand. In the fixed bed portion of the lab, water from the reservoir was used to fill the column. Any excess water flowed out of the column via the effluent line located on the bottom of the column. The flow rate of the water in the column was manipulated by adjusting how much effluent flowed out of the column. The piezometers attached to the column were then used to measure the pressure of the water at different heights along the column. In the fluidized bed portion of the lab water flowed from the bottom of the column to the top and ultimately into the reservoir where it was drained via the overflow line attached to the reservoir. The amount of water that flowed into the column from the bottom was varied by adjusting the pressure valve attached to the bottom of the column. 2.3.2 Sampling In the media characterization portion of this lab, the density of sand was calculated via: where Ws was the mass of the sand, V was the volume of the sand-water 𝐷𝑒??𝑖?𝑦 = ?? / (? − ??) mixture and Vo was the volume of just the water in the graduated cylinder. The porosity of the sand was calculated via: where Vs was the 𝑃????𝑖?𝑦 = [?? − (? − ??)]/?? volume of the sand, V was the volume of the sand-water mixture and Vo was the volume of the water. During the fixed bed portion of the experiment the flowrate was manipulated and the corresponding amount of water in each of the piezometers was collected. Then using the flowrate and the data from the piezometers the pressure could then be calculated.

5 In the fluidized bed portion of the experiment all of the piezometer lines were closed and the amount of water flowing up the column was adjusted using the pressure valve on the bottom of the column. The height of the fluidized bed was then noted as well as the flowrate of the water. This was repeated 10 more times with different flow rates. Two runs of this were used to solve for the minimum fluidization of the bed. The total pressure change was calculated using the flow rates. Additionally the total net weight of the media in the column was calculated and corrected for buoyancy effect. 2.3.3 Clean up The graduated cylinder with sand and water was disposed. The column was drained via the effluent line into a plastic tub. The contents of the tub were then pumped into a drain.

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