Experiment 3_ Pre-Lab

Please answer the question at the bottom. Fractional distillation  Measure 55 mL of 40% ethanol  Place 50 mL of ethanol in your distilling flask taking care that no liquid enters the side arm.  Place the remaining 5 mL of ethanol in a test tube and set aside for procedure 2.  Add a few marble or porcelain chips to the distilling flask to prevent bumping. Bumping is a term given to irregular boiling  Assemble the rest of the apparatus for a simple distillation set-up. You may ask assistance from your instructor  Cover the top of the distilling flask with a cork fitted with a thermometer. Make sure that the tip of the thermometer bulb is just below the side arm of the distillation flask  Check all connections for tightness  Heat the contents of the flask to boiling. Adjust the flame when the sample is already boiling. Make sure that it does not boil to dryness.  Note the temperature of the first drop.  Collect 60 drops of distillate per test tube. You will need 5 test tubes, thus five…

6. Answer Only Refer to the following mixtures: Mixture A: Liquid and solid mixture Mixture B. Liquid mixture whose boiling points are similar. Mixture C. Liquid mixture with high boiling point. Mixture D. Heat sensitive liquid mixture. Which of the following distillation can be applied for Mixture A? vacuum distillation fractional distillation simple distillation none of these —————— Refer to the following mixtures: Mixture A: Liquid and solid mixture Mixture B. Liquid mixture whose boiling points are similar. Mixture C. Liquid mixture with high boiling point. Mixture D. Heat sensitive liquid mixture. Which of the following distillation can be applied for Mixture B? vacuum distillation fractional distillation simple distillation none of these ———— Which of the following is NOT TRUE for Fehling's reagent, a reagent used for Fehling's test? A. In Fehling's reagent, the active ingredient is copper citrate. B. In Fehling's reagent, the active ingredient is copper…

12. Answer Only Refer to the following mixtures: Mixture A: Liquid and solid mixture Mixture B. Liquid mixture whose boiling points are similar. Mixture C. Liquid mixture with high boiling point. Mixture D. Heat sensitive liquid mixture. Which of the following distillation can be applied for Mixture D? vacuum distillation fractional distillation simple distillation none of these ———— This is defined as the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid phase of a compound equals the external pressure acting on the surface of the liquid. solubility melting point boiling point flash point optical rotation —————— Predict the color change if 1% ferric chloride (yellowish solution) is added to a test tube containing a mixture of ethanol and pure acetyl salicylic acid. purple to yellow yellow to dark blue light blue to pink yellow to purple no color change

1-propanol, 2-propanol, and 1-butanol all have boiling  too close together  to be separated  using the simple distillation  column. What equipment  be used to separate a mixture  of these three?

1. What boiling point of the following mixture of compounds. Then, which would boil first? And Finally, indicate what type of distillation will you use to separate them.

6. Suppose you have a mixture of water and your 2-bromo-2-methylbutane product in a separatory funnel. Use densities to predict which phase will be the top layer in the funnel. a. 2-bromo-2-methylbutane (organic phase) b. water (aqueous phase) c. there would only be one phase since the substances are miscible

5. Why does slow distillation result in better separation of two liquids than fast distillation?

A pure crystalline "compound A" has a melting point 105-107 °C. If this compound is mixed with a small amount of another compound, what happens to the melting point? O It would have no effect on the melting point. It is impossible to know what would happen. O It would raise the melting point and the range would decrease. It would lower the melting point and the range would widen.

3. What is the major obstacle that fractional distillation overcomes? 1 1° in422 male distillatio

Pure aspirin has a melting point of 135-136 °C. Before the melting point was determined - if the sample contains water by absorbing moisture in the air - what effect could this have on the observed melting point from the sample?

What are the differences between a simple distillation and steam distillation?

1. explain the volatility of oil and compare it to water 2. What is an effective way of preventing irregular ebullition or bumping of the mixture during distillation?  3. Which is more efficient for separating the components of a liquid mixture of a liquid mixture, simple or fractional distillation? Why?

Suppose that you have a 1:1 mixture of compounds that is comprised of compound X and compound Y. You desire pure compound X and are planning a recrystallization to enhance the purity. Which solvent below is optimal for your recrystallization?      Ethanol (boiling point = 78 °C)   Solubility At   0  °C 100  °C Compound X 0.05 g/mL 0.20 g/mL Compound Y 0.02 g/mL 0.40 g/mL           Water (boiling point = 100 °C)   Solubility At   0  °C 100  °C Compound X 0.02 g/mL 0.05 g/mL Compound Y 0.01 g/mL 0.10 g/mL           Methanol (boiling point = 65 °C)   Solubility At   0  °C 65  °C Compound X 0.04 g/mL 0.10 g/mL Compound Y 0.02 g/mL 0.30 g/mL         Acetone (boiling point = 56 °C)   Solubility At   0  °C 56  °C Compound X 0.10 g/mL 0.50 g/mL Compound Y 0.20 g/mL 0.50 g/mL         Ethyl Acetate (boiling point = 77 °C)   Solubility At   0  °C 77  °C Compound X 0.10 g/mL 0.60 g/mL Compound Y 0.30 g/mL 0.60…

2 Compound A has a room-temperature solubility of 30.2 g/L in a certain solvent, while compound B has a solubility of 9.5 g/L in the same solvent at room temperature. An extract from a plant contains 110 g of A and 8 g of B. How much A can in principle be crystallized in pure form from this mixture if 3 L of solvent is used? How much solvent is required to dissolve the amount of B contained in this mixture? Show your steps.

3. Standard white vinegar you can buy in the grocery store is 5% concentration. That means 5% of the liquid vinegar is acetic acid and 95% of the solution is water. In a hardware store, you can buy industrial strength vinegar, which is 30% concentration. This means that 30%% of the vinegar is acetic acid, and the remaining 70% is water. Samuel does another experiment, this time with 5% vinegar and 30% vinegar. He sets up two science fair volcanoes (in no particular order), each with the same temperature, mass of baking soda and volume of vinegar. But one volcano uses 5% vinegar and the other volcano uses 30% vinegar. He measures the volume of gas production for the first minute of each reaction, and he records the data below. Volcano # 1 Volume of gas produced (ml.) vs. Time (s) for Volcano #1 Volume of gas produced (mL) Time (s) 60 E 50 10 25 40 20 38 30 40 46 50 30 20 • Volume of gas produced (ml.) 50 52 53 10 60 20 40 60 80 Time (s) Volcano # 2 Volume of gas Volume of gas produced…

12. The unknown liquids you will use in this experiment are the three compounds below. Draw Lewis structures of each of these compounds. (A Google search for these structures might be helpful.) Isopropyl alcohol Water Hexane

Is this correct for the diaper dissection lab

After the ethyl acetate is evaporated, Q and R (a mixture of liquids) remain. A) What criteria does this mixture have to satisfy to be separated by simple or fractional distillation? Homogenous or Heterogeneous B) What kind of distillation would you carry out? Fractional or Simple C)What reason(s) would make the mixture suitable to be separated using the distillation chosen in (b)? A) boiling point difference only B) boiling point difference and composition C) composition only

The answer to c is 1.58g. Please answer question on bottom.

Remaining Time: 28 minutes, 52 seconds. Question Completion Status: A Moving to another question will save this response. Question 1 Which alcohol will be more soluble in water? ОН O A. OH O B. ÓH OH OH O E. A Moving to another question will save this response.

​​​​​​1. Fractions are typically collected every 1.5-2 minutes. What effect would taking more fractions every minute have on the distillation experiment?

Which is better fractionating distillation or simple distillation?

Please don't provide handwriting solution

Why is fractional distillation more efficient than simple distillation when purifying liquid mixtures?

4. Why is fractional distillation more "efficient" than simple distillation? During boiling point determination the temperature of the vapors is be E

C. Fractional Distillation SAMPLES °C at which vapors are collected Distillate Methanol + Ethanol 65 Hexane + Acetone 56 2-propanol + 2-Butanol 82

A sample contains a mixture of t-butanol and n-butanol. What type of distillation, simple or fractional, would be best employed to separate the two liquids? Why?

In chem lab when creating aspirin, how does a melting point range for pure aspirin compound differ from impure?  Explain the meaning of value and range of melting point.                        How does the meaning of value melting point and range of melting point

MODIFIED TRUE OR FALSE Write the correct word to make the statement true if it's false 1. The formation of black smoke upon combustion of hydrocarbons indicates incomplete combustion which means that the sample has a [low] C to H ratio. 2. In steam distillation, the desired substance decomposes and is obtained at a temperature [higher] than its actual boiling point.