PHYS_102_lab_5
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Apr 3, 2024
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Alex Millunchick, Juno Jang, William Dai PHYS 102 Lab 5 Introduction: We measured the magnitude and direction of the magnetic field in various regions along the magnetic surface of the refrigerator magnet in this lab. The lab uses the magnetometer on Iolab and the concept of magnetic fields to determine why magnets are attached to steel. By creating a heatmap from the data we got, we will explore why magnets stick to refrigerators. Methods: 1)
Calibrate the iOLab magnetometer, ensuring there are no metal objects nearby. 2)
Cut an 8-inch section of magnetic strip, and mark out eight equal segments. 3)
Using the magnetometer, measure all components of the magnetic field of each segment for 5 seconds. 4)
Take 3 additional measurements from one segment to determine the uncertainty. In this lab, we will apply this uncertainty to all the segments. 5)
Take a measurement of the magnetic field without the presence of any other metals nearby to get the Earth’s magnetic field
6)
Enter values into heat map Data:
Uncertainty trial
Average 1: -
X = 2.156 -
Y = -241.408 -
Z = 396.371 Average 2: -
X = -10.22 -
Y = -101.227 -
Z = 495.999 Average 3: -
X = -10.311 -
Y = -153.621 -
Z = 468.371 Standard Error: -
X = ± 4.141 -
Y = ± 40.894 -
Z = ± 29.696 -
These error values apply to each average taken Data from each section
Discussion: Based on the information from https://www.stanfordmagnets.com/everything-you-need-to-know-
about-halbach-arrays.html we know fridge magnets are only magnetic on one side because of the Halbach Array. The Halbach Array is an assortment of individual magnets that are oriented in rotational arrangement. Based on this information, we would expect two of the components to switch signs during the readings of the segments of the magnet (in this context we would expect that to be the x and z component based on our procedure. Our data, however, shows that only the x component demonstrates this sign flip. On the heat map, it is shown that from 1-8 it alternates from green to red for the x component. The z component only switches from green to red once, and they are all large positive values. We would not expect the y component to alternate, and that is also shown in the data to a certain extent. The values stay negative; however, they do become more positive. One possibility why the z component stays positive is that we don’t know where in the magnet the orientations change, so it is possible that each section we measured was a positive part of the magnet in the z direction. The y component may have gotten more positive because of trial error in which the magnet may have shifted in the y direction as we moved it across the center. We also considered that our standard error accounted for this discrepancy, however our standard errors were small and did not make a difference to our results. We measured a relatively uniform positive z value, and we think this is the net effect of each component that one side has a uniform magnetic field while the other does not. Conclusion: The magnetic fields inherent in each object cause magnets to attract to steel surfaces. We were able to check how different portions of the magnet’s surface contain a magnetic field density that adds to the magnet’s attraction to steel throughout this experiment. Based on our data analysis, we concluded that th
e alignment of both items’ magnetic fields, as well as existence of forces on the magnet, is what causes it to attach to the refrigerators. Uncertainties in the lab settings influenced the values of our magnetic field. These inaccuracies were caused by mag
netic fields’ location sensitivity and environmental sensitivity. Roles: Alex –
data collection, data analysis, discussion
Juno –
Introduction, conclusion William –
Methods, Discussion, moral support!
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