Experiment 2 Determination of a Chemical Formula(1) (2)
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CHEM 1E: Experiment 2 Crawford Determination of a Chemical Formula Adapted from Advanced Chemistry Using Vernier Page 1
of 7
EXPERIMENT 2: Name: _________________________
Due the beginning of lab. PRE-LABORATORY ASSIGNMENT Lab Section: ________
Score: ______/9 1. A student obtains the following data: Mass of crucible: ` 27.29 g Mass of crucible and hydrate: 28.56 g Mass of crucible and anhydrous residue after heating: 28.05 g The laboratory instructor identifies the sample as strontium chloride hydrate. (SrCl
2
nH
2
O) a) Calculate the mass percent of water in the hydrate? Answer: _______________________ b) Calculate the number of moles of water in the hydrate sample that were driven off by heating? Answer: _______________________
CHEM 1E: Experiment 2 Crawford Determination of a Chemical Formula Adapted from Advanced Chemistry Using Vernier Page 2
of 7
c) Calculate the mole ratio of water to salt in the hydrate, round to the nearest whole number. ("n" in SrCl
2
nH
2
O) Answer:_____________________ d) Write the correct formula for the hydrate? Answer: ______________________
CHEM 1E: Experiment 2 Crawford Determination of a Chemical Formula Adapted from Advanced Chemistry Using Vernier Page 3
of 7
Experiment 2: The Determination of a Chemical Formula John Dalton was an Englishman, a teacher, and an exceptional theoretical chemist. He developed and wrote the modern atomic theory at the turn of the 19
th
century (documents point to 1803). He was influenced by the experiments of two Frenchmen, Antoine Lavoisier and Joseph Louis Proust. A fundamental component of the modern atomic theory is that the mole ratios of elements in a compound will be small whole numbers (
law of definite proportions
). The whole number mole ratio is commonly referred to as the empirical formula of a compound. One of the challenges in finding the proper chemical formula for a compound is that there may be more than one plausible mole ratio for the elements in that compound. Dalton called this the law of multiple proportions
. For example, if you were testing a compound that contained iron and sulfur, the plausible chemical formula could be FeS or Fe
2
S
3
. However, if you determine the mass of iron and the mass of sulfur present in a given mass of the compound, you will be able to establish the true chemical formula of the compound. In this experiment, you will use the law of definite proportions to find the empirical chemical formula for a hydrated compound containing copper, chlorine, and water molecules locked in the crystal structure of the solid compound. The general formula for the compound is Cu
x
Cl
y
•
zH
2
O, and its name is copper chloride hydrate. The letters x, y, and z represent integers that will establish the proper chemical formula for this substance. First, you will gently heat a sample of the compound to drive off the water of hydration. By measuring the mass of the sample before and after heating you can determine the amount of water in the sample and identify the value of z. Second, you will conduct a chemical reaction with the dried sample, which will produce elemental copper. By measuring the mass of copper that forms, you will have the necessary information to determine the moles of copper and chlorine in your sample, and you will be able to establish the proper chemical formula. OBJECTIVES In this experiment, you will
Determine the water of hydration in a copper chloride hydrate sample.
Conduct a reaction between a solution of copper chloride and solid aluminum.
Use the results of the reaction to determine the mass and moles of Cu and Cl in the reaction.
Calculate the empirical formula of the copper chloride compound. MATERIALS crucible with cover unknown solid copper chloride hydrate crucible tongs aluminum wire, 20 gauge spatula 6 M hydrochloric acid, HCl, solution ring stand, ring, and clay triangle 95% ethanol solution lab burner distilled water
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How do you solve question 2?
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50
Name:
Date lab performed:
Partner(s) name:
Date due:
Balancing Chemical Reactions
A.
BALANCING EQUATIONS: Balance each of the chemical equations. Coefficients of 1
shouldn't be written.
1.
C6H14
CO:
+_H:0
2.
CoH
O2
CO
3.
Zn +
_HCI
+_ZnClz
+_H:
4.
P. +_Cl2
PCl,
PCI3
5.
NaHCO, _Na:CO
+_CO:
CO:
H20
6.
ΗΝΟ,
NO2
_H2O
O2
7.
Fe +
Fe;O3
8.
_CaC:
Ca(OH):
+ C;H;
9.
_MgiN:
H:0
NH
Mg(OH):
10.
CaCO,
_HCI
CaCl; + CO:
:
+H;O
H:0
11.
Zn +
H,PO. →
Znj(PO.):
H2
12.
AGNO
+_
+ABCI + _Ca(NO:)a
51
13.
Al:O
H2SO4 Al:(SO))
H:SO.
_H:0
14.
Fe +
Brz
FeBr
15.
Al(OH)s +
H;SO.
Al:(SO.)s
H:0
16.
C:H:
CO:
H20
->
17.
Li:0 +
_H:0
LIOH
18.
NH
_H:CO
(NH.):CO,
19.
C:HSOH +
O:
CO:
+_H:0
20.
H3PO, +
Ca(OH): →
Cas(PO4):
H:0
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With the information I've provided under attachments can you help? I don't know how to calculate the smallest number to get the ratio for the formula.
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ure X
R Module 7B - Stoic x
G molar mass of cal X
O stemble
O Learning why can X
O Clear Oval Hous
es/228/assignments/389/tasks/302
ps
8/18 tasks attempted
Determine the molecular and empirical formulae for the two molecules shown below:
CI
Cl
H.
H
H–Si-
Si-H
H-C
H
H
H
H
H.
Please Note: Chemical notation is case sensitive
Please Note: Chemical notation is case sensitive
Molecular
Formula
Enter your chemical notation here
Enter your chemical notation here
Please Note: Chemical notation is case sensitive
Please Note: Chemical notation is case sensitive
Empirical
Formula
Enter your chemical notation here
Enter your chemical notation here
SAVE RESPONSE
1
2
3
16
17
18
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An experiment requires that enough PNF, be used to yield 19.0 g of fluorine.
How much PNF, must be weighed out?
g
Submit Answer
5 question attempts remaining
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Determine the molecular and empirical formulas for the substance shown in the ball-and-stick model below.
C = black
H=gray
Molecular Formula
In progress
Empirical Formula
Submit Answer
Retry Entire Group
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SEP
14
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OWL X
How many grams of Se are there in a sample of Se that contains the same number of
moles as a 65.8 gram sample of Sn?
grams of Se
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X D2L ALEKS Learning Module 8 (due A X A ALEKS- Jessica Sceusa - Learn X G Write the empirical formula for a x +
www-awu.aleks.com/alekscgi/x/Isl.exe/1o_u-IgNslkr7j8P3jH-lvWyv8WYLP6W0cqJcWJdIACROQwyw24GWHInCX70-Q0WaoxQiZ3DF-1EgBJkRS45QbFh_mdu6pQMT19A08TrT_6p5Ces
O
|||
O STATES OF MATTER
Using the combined law
gas
Student - Home
kPa
For many purposes we can treat ammonia (NH3) as an ideal gas at temperatures above its boiling point of -33. °C.
Suppose the temperature of a sample of ammonia gas is lowered from 19.0 °C to -25.0 °C, and at the same time the pressure is changed. If the initial
pressure was 0.30 kPa and the volume decreased by 40.0%, what is the final pressure? Round your answer to 2 significant digits.
Explanation
Check
X10
X
K
0/5
© 2023 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use
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A sample of propane, C3 H8, contains 15.8 moles of carbon atoms. How many total moles of
atoms does the sample contain?
Express the total number of moles of carbon and hydrogen numerically.
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VAD
?
moles
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Results table. To clean up, zoom out from the balance and drag the sample to the red disposal
container. Repeat with ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), located on the Salts shelf. C12H22O11 NH4ClMass (g) 1.0481 g 1.0444g Molar Mass (g/mol)MolesMoles of each elementAtoms of each element
Much like the previous calculation, you will use the periodic table to determine the molar massof the compound. The example shown is for sodium chloride, NaCl. The molar mass is the massof 1 sodium (22.98g/mole) and 1 chlorine (35.45g/mole) added together, 58.43g/mole. If theformula shows multiple atoms, as in sugar, you must take that into account. For sugar, it will be12 times the mass of a carbon atom plus 22 time the mass of hydrogen atom, plus 11 times themass of oxygen atoms.The calculation of moles will be similar to that done in the previous…
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Sofia
1.00
completely in excess oxygen, and the mass of the products carefully measured:
of a certain Compound X, known to be made of carbon, hydrogen and perhaps oxygen, and to have a molecular molar mass of 44. g/mol, is burned
product
mass
carbon dioxide
3.00 g
water
1.64 g
Use this information to find the molecular formula of X.
X
Check
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2 3? Turn on Show numerical
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1.75 mot-Feg0s
3 mol CO
= mol CO
1 mot-Fe03
E A
H.
B IUS
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How many moles of nitrogen are in 267.78 g dinitrogen tetroxide.
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A compound is found to contain 46.75 % silicon and 53.25 % oxygen by mass.
What is the empirical formula for this compound?
To answer the question, enter the elements in the order presented above.
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this temperature?
x 10
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A paraffin wax candle is 6.25 inches tall and 1.50 inches in diameter.
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- D
1. How many MOLECULES of xenon trioxide, XeO3, are present in 6.25 grams of this compound?
Sections 51 X
2. How many GRAMS of xenon trioxide are present in 4.41x1022 molecules of this compound?
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HOMEWORK X
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2. How many formula units of potassium nitrite are present in 8.65 grams of this compound?
1: How many GRAMS of potassium nitrite, KNO₂, are present in 2.22x1022 formula units of this compound?
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Calculate the percent composition by mass for Fe(NO3)3.
Use the molecular weights to two decimal places in your calculations.
a) %Fe - 23.09
b) %N-i 5.718
c)%0-
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What is the mass of one formula unit of calcium cyanide, Ca(CN)2?
amu
Question #6
t
How would you calculate (see below) the number of formula units of Ca(CN)2 of in 7 moles of
Ca(CN)2? C
V
port
7 x formula mass
(A)
7 x molar mass
(B)
7 x Avogardro's Number
(C)
7
7
formula mass
(D)
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(E)
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Part D-Yield Calculations
Which of the following errors could cause your percent yield to be falsely high, or even over 100%?
Select ALL that apply.
Taking the mass of all samples with the lid included.
Handling the crucible directly with your hands.
Taking the mass of the empty crucible without the lid, but including the lid in all other mass measurements.
Heating the sample too vigorously.
Failing to completely decompose the sodium bicarbonate sample.
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A compound is found to contain 43.64 % phosphorus and 56.36 % oxygen by weight.
What is the empirical formula for this compound?
To answer the question, enter the elements in the order presented above.
Submit Answer
5 question attempts remaining
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a.) What is the percent composition by mass of each compound?
b.) Mass to Mass Stoichiometry Calculation
c.) Limiting Reagent
d.) Excess Reagent
e.) Amount in grams of the excess reagent
f.) Percent Yield
g.) Number of dosage form and packaging that can be produced from stoichiometric calculation
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Quantity
1. Mass of crucible + cover
2. Mass of crucible + cover +
Magnesium
3. Mass of Magnesium
4. Mass of crucible + cover +
magnesium oxide
5. Mass of magnesium oxide
6. Mass of oxygen that combined with
the magnesium
7. Atomic mass of magnesium
8. Atomic mass of oxygen
9. Moles of magnesium
10.
Moles of oxygen
Subtract # 2 - #1
Subtract #4 - #1
Subtract #4 - #2
From the periodic table
From the periodic table
Divide #3/#7
(In other words, divide the grams of
magnesium by 24.3 to get the moles
of magnesium)
Your value
Find the simplest whole number ratio
11. Empirical formula of magnesium between #9 and # 10. Those whole
oxide based on this data
numbers become of the subscripts of
the formula*
20.00 g
24.86 g
28.06 g
24.3
16.0
moles of Mg
Divide #6/#8
(In other words, divide the moles of moles of O
oxygen by 16.0 to get the moles of
oxygen
*For example, if the moles of Mg were found to be 2.0 moles, and the moles of O were found to be 6.0 moles,
then you would write the following:…
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Part D
Calculate the moles of C2 H6 in 3.76x1023 molecules of C2 H6.
Express your answer using three significant figures.
moles of C2 H6
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10) Calculate the moles of magnesium ( Show your calculation)
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1
How many atoms of vanadium are in 1.28 grams of vanadium?
ADD FACTOR
x( )
7.71 x 1023
50.94
3.93 x 1025
g V/mol
6.022 x 10²3
1.28
atoms V
gV
ANSWER
6.022 x 1024
1000
0.0251
1.51 x 102²
mol V
kg V
RESET
2
1.51 x 1023
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Related Questions
- How do you solve question 2?arrow_forward50 Name: Date lab performed: Partner(s) name: Date due: Balancing Chemical Reactions A. BALANCING EQUATIONS: Balance each of the chemical equations. Coefficients of 1 shouldn't be written. 1. C6H14 CO: +_H:0 2. CoH O2 CO 3. Zn + _HCI +_ZnClz +_H: 4. P. +_Cl2 PCl, PCI3 5. NaHCO, _Na:CO +_CO: CO: H20 6. ΗΝΟ, NO2 _H2O O2 7. Fe + Fe;O3 8. _CaC: Ca(OH): + C;H; 9. _MgiN: H:0 NH Mg(OH): 10. CaCO, _HCI CaCl; + CO: : +H;O H:0 11. Zn + H,PO. → Znj(PO.): H2 12. AGNO +_ +ABCI + _Ca(NO:)a 51 13. Al:O H2SO4 Al:(SO)) H:SO. _H:0 14. Fe + Brz FeBr 15. Al(OH)s + H;SO. Al:(SO.)s H:0 16. C:H: CO: H20 -> 17. Li:0 + _H:0 LIOH 18. NH _H:CO (NH.):CO, 19. C:HSOH + O: CO: +_H:0 20. H3PO, + Ca(OH): → Cas(PO4): H:0arrow_forwardPlease answer the following questionarrow_forward
- I'm stuck on step 3. find the formula - Divide each by the smallest number to get while number ratio for the formula With the information I've provided under attachments can you help? I don't know how to calculate the smallest number to get the ratio for the formula.arrow_forwardure X R Module 7B - Stoic x G molar mass of cal X O stemble O Learning why can X O Clear Oval Hous es/228/assignments/389/tasks/302 ps 8/18 tasks attempted Determine the molecular and empirical formulae for the two molecules shown below: CI Cl H. H H–Si- Si-H H-C H H H H H. Please Note: Chemical notation is case sensitive Please Note: Chemical notation is case sensitive Molecular Formula Enter your chemical notation here Enter your chemical notation here Please Note: Chemical notation is case sensitive Please Note: Chemical notation is case sensitive Empirical Formula Enter your chemical notation here Enter your chemical notation here SAVE RESPONSE 1 2 3 16 17 18arrow_forwardPeople Tab Window Help /0/index.html?deploymentld%=55750828934189288909969212&elSBN=978130565 NDTAP Use the References to access important values if needed fo An experiment requires that enough PNF, be used to yield 19.0 g of fluorine. How much PNF, must be weighed out? g Submit Answer 5 question attempts remainingarrow_forward
- What is the answer for question 9?arrow_forwardCould you please help me with this question? It is broken up into 3 parts and I’m having a hard time. I have attached a picture below.arrow_forwardUse the References to access important values if needed for this question. Determine the molecular and empirical formulas for the substance shown in the ball-and-stick model below. C = black H=gray Molecular Formula In progress Empirical Formula Submit Answer Retry Entire Group 3 more group attempts remaining Previous Email Instructo Cengage Learning | Cengage Technical Support Q Search Bing %24 % & 5 7 8. R Y U F.arrow_forward
- marks Profiles Tab Window Help X Worl X v.pdf Para X Gran X eAssignment/takeCovalentActivity.do?locator=assignment-take Submit Answer My x SEP 14 Use the References to access important values if needed for this question. OWL X How many grams of Se are there in a sample of Se that contains the same number of moles as a 65.8 gram sample of Sn? grams of Se Retry Entire Group tv How X I BWha X GWhax + ₁ 口 9 more group attempts remaining Previous Next Show All X Carrow_forwardmmunity College X x || X D2L ALEKS Learning Module 8 (due A X A ALEKS- Jessica Sceusa - Learn X G Write the empirical formula for a x + www-awu.aleks.com/alekscgi/x/Isl.exe/1o_u-IgNslkr7j8P3jH-lvWyv8WYLP6W0cqJcWJdIACROQwyw24GWHInCX70-Q0WaoxQiZ3DF-1EgBJkRS45QbFh_mdu6pQMT19A08TrT_6p5Ces O ||| O STATES OF MATTER Using the combined law gas Student - Home kPa For many purposes we can treat ammonia (NH3) as an ideal gas at temperatures above its boiling point of -33. °C. Suppose the temperature of a sample of ammonia gas is lowered from 19.0 °C to -25.0 °C, and at the same time the pressure is changed. If the initial pressure was 0.30 kPa and the volume decreased by 40.0%, what is the final pressure? Round your answer to 2 significant digits. Explanation Check X10 X K 0/5 © 2023 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use Privacy Centarrow_forwardPart C A sample of propane, C3 H8, contains 15.8 moles of carbon atoms. How many total moles of atoms does the sample contain? Express the total number of moles of carbon and hydrogen numerically. View Available Hint(s) VAD ? moles Submit Provide Feedback Next> P Pearson cation Inc. All rights reserved. | Terms of Use Privacy Policy I Permissions | Contact Us II F8 F9 F11 F6 F7 F10 F12 ) & 9 7 8 1 delete { U P enter Karrow_forward
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