GMontenaro M1 Lan 1 Physical and Chemical Changes Dry Lab (1)

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SUNY Empire State College *

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1205

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Chemistry

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Apr 3, 2024

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Physical and Chemical Changes Dry Lab Grace Montenaro 1/21/2024 Purpose In this laboratory experiment, chemical and physical changes are investigated with the goal of discerning their distinctions. Pairs of different substances were combined and examined to observe their chemical or physical reactions, and the outcomes were recorded in data tables. The observed changes primarily involve alterations in color, precipitation, gas release, and the production of heat. Procedure A stable internet connection must be secured. Observe the videos provided, starting with activity 1. Record the chemicals being mixed, their reactions, whether it’s a physical or chemical change, and why you picked physical or chemical change in date table 1. The video can be viewed multiple times for a thorough understanding of the experiment. This process is repeated for the following 9 activities. A hydrochloric acid solution will be combined with sodium carbonate solution, a sodium polyacrylate powder will be mixed with water, a copper sulfate solution will be mixed with a sodium carbonate solution, a phenolphthalein solution will be mixed with a sodium hydroxide solution and that solution will be mixed with a hydrochloric acid solution, a copper sulfate solution will be mixed with a sodium hydroxide solution,
1 a hydrochloric acid solution will be mixed with a magnesium metal, a copper sulfate solution will be mixed with sodium chloride, table salt, a copper sulfate and sodium chloride solution will be mixed with aluminum, and a copper sulfate solution will be mixed with an iron nail. Once finished, the lab questions should be answered fully with college level writing and an experimental conclusion will be written. Experimental Data Data Table 1 Acti vity Chemicals Mixed Observations Type of Change: Physical or Chemical Explanation 1 Hydrochloric acid solution with a sodium carbonate solution When mixed gas is formed causing it to bubble. Once settled it goes back to its clear state. Chemical Production of gas 2 Sodium Polyacrylate powder with water A white gel is formed but can be changed again later if heat is added. Turning the Sodium Polyacrylate back into powder. Physical The two materials can be separated once mixed by applying heat. 3 Copper sulfate solution (blue) with sodium carbonate (clear) The mixture turns light blue and forms a precipitate and gas bubbles. Chemical Produced a new substance in the form of the precipitate 4A Phenolphthalein with Sodium Hydroxide (clear) The solution turns pink. There is no change in temperature and no gas released. Chemical A color is produced by mixing two clear solutions. © 2017 Carolina Biological Supply Company
2 Acti vity Chemicals Mixed Observations Type of Change: Physical or Chemical Explanation 4B Previous solution with Hydrochloric acid solution The solution changed its color back to clear and the temperature increased. No gas is produced. Chemical The color pink is lost completely, not made lighter, and heat is produced showing the rise in temperature. 5 Copper sulfate solution (blue) with Sodium Hydroxide (clear) The mixture turns dark blue and forms a precipitate. There is no change in temperature. Chemical The color became darker from adding a clear solution and produced a new substance in the form of the precipitate 6 Hydrochloric acid solution with Magnesium metal Gas is formed producing bubbles and the temperature increases. Chemical Gas and heat are produced. 7 Copper sulfate solution (Blue) with sodium chloride (table salt) The color of the solution changes from blue to light blue/green. Physical No new compound was formed, no gas was released, and no heat was produced. The salt sank to the bottom of the solution and did not mis with it. The color change is because mixing blue and white produces that color. 8 Copper sulfate and sodium chloride solution (blue) with aluminum (metal) The color changes to light blue, gas is produced, the aluminum begins to turn orange, and the temperature increases. Chemical Mixing blue with aluminum does not produce an orange color normally. Gas is being produced, forming bubbles. And heat is being produced causing the temperature to increase. 9 Copper sulfate solution (blue) with Iron nail (metal) The color of the solution changes to a lighter blur and when the nail is removed from the solution the color has changed to a copper color. Chemical The nail changes color from a slicer metal to a coppery color. Lab Questions 1. What do you consider the most obvious sign of a chemical reaction taking place? © 2017 Carolina Biological Supply Company
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3 The most obvious sign a chemical reaction has taken place to me is when the mixture produces a precipitate. This is because this is something you can clearly observe without the use of a tool like a thermometer, and it makes a new substance. 2. Is cutting a pizza into slices an example of a chemical or a physical change? This is an example of a physical change because only the pizza’s appearance is changed, its chemical composition is unaffected. 3. When you open a bottle of soda, the fizzing you observe is a sign of a chemical or a physical change? Explain your reasoning. This is a sign of a physical change because the fizzing is caused by the release of carbon dioxide gas. The chemical composition of the soda remains the same, the soda is still carbonated. 4. Give a practical example of a physical change you observed today. An example of a physical change I observed today was at work I was required to shred confidential documents. Running the paper through the shredder, it turned the paper into smaller, more jagged pieces. The physical appearance was changed but its chemical composition was the same, as it was still paper. 5. Give a practical example of a chemical change you observed today. An example of a chemical change I observed today was when I was baking a cake for my brother’s birthday. This process involved a series of chemical reactions. One of the most obvious examples is the heat from the oven causing a chemical reaction with the ingredient mixed to form a new substance, such as carbon dioxide gas reacting with the yeast and causing the cake to rise. Experimental Conclusions © 2017 Carolina Biological Supply Company
4 In this lab, various pairs of substances were combined to investigate the chemical or physical changes that occurred. The outcomes were recorded on date table 1. These included color changes, the formation of a precipitate, gas release, and heat production. This lab required viewing videos of these nine activities and recording the observations to determine if the changes were physical or chemical. The most obvious sign of a chemical reaction to me was the formation of a precipitate. In conclusion, it was discovered that every mixture except activates 2 and 7 produced chemical reactions. When hydrochloric acid solution was combined with sodium carbonate solution, a chemical change occurred, producing gas and causing bubbling, with the clear state returning once the reaction settled. Mixing Sodium Polyacrylate powder with water resulted in a physical change, forming a white gel that could be reversed by applying heat, turning it back into powder. A chemical change was evident when copper sulfate solution (blue) was mixed with sodium carbonate (clear), leading to a light blue mixture with the formation of a precipitate and gas bubbles. A mixture of Phenolphthalein to Sodium Hydroxide caused a chemical change, turning the solution pink without a change in temperature or gas release. Another chemical change occurred when this solution was mixed with hydrochloric acid, reverting the color back to clear while increasing temperature. Similarly, a chemical change manifested when copper sulfate solution (blue) was combined with Sodium Hydroxide (clear), turning the mixture dark blue with the formation of a precipitate. The reaction between hydrochloric acid solution and magnesium metal resulted in a chemical change, producing gas bubbles and an increase in temperature. In contrast, mixing copper sulfate solution (blue) with sodium chloride (table salt) led to a physical change, with a color change from blue to light blue/green, no new compound formation, and no gas or heat produced. The combination of copper sulfate and sodium chloride solution (blue) with aluminum (metal) showcased a chemical change, producing a light blue color, gas, an orange hue in aluminum, and an increase in temperature. Finally, when copper sulfate solution (blue) was mixed with an iron nail (metal), a chemical change occurred, altering the solution color from blue to a lighter shade and, upon removal of the iron nail, to a coppery color, signifying a transformation in the nail's appearance from a silver metal to a coppery shade. © 2017 Carolina Biological Supply Company
5 Personal Reflection This was the first lab in this course, and I learned a lot from it. I believe this was a perfect experience to introduce the process of observing chemicals. I could also observe how the presenter handled the chemicals, how to record data, and determine the difference between physical and chemical changes. This lab and the observations I made gives me the knowledge and confidence to excel at the next labs. © 2017 Carolina Biological Supply Company
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