Index of Refraction-Virtual
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Date
Jan 9, 2024
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F Espinoza-Wave Motion
CP 2700-Wave Motion
Department of Chemistry & Physics
Index of Refraction
Name Afrah Amer
This experiment (
https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/bending-light/latest/bending-light_en.html
)
allows us to determine the indices of refraction of materials. We are going to use Snell’s law
several times to construct a graph whose
slope
will give us the value of
n (the index of
refraction)
for each substance or material. We construct the rays by pressing the button on the
laser, and then move the laser using the arrows on it until we get the desired angles.
Examples
: In each of the diagrams below you can see two incident rays coming from air and
going into glass. When you first open the simulation, in the
Intro
section the protractor appears
in the lower left-hand side, and so it has to be dragged from there and placed exactly at the
boundary between the two materials. In the top diagram below the angle of incidence between air
and glass is zero (0) since the incident ray is along the normal, so the angle of refraction is also
zero, as the ray penetrates the glass. In the bottom diagram we can see the normal (the dashed
line pointing between the two zero values on the protractor); the angle of incidence is 30° and the
angle of refraction is about 18-19° (ignore the faint reflected ray back into the air).
1
F Espinoza-Wave Motion
Procedure:
Determine the
index of refraction of the first material
by applying Snell’s law at the boundary
between Air and the Mystery A material. You can see that once the Mystery material has been
chosen, the simulation asks for its n value.
1.
Move the laser to create angles of incidence in the Air between 10° and 80°; for each
angle of incidence
(θi)
, measure and record the corresponding angle of refraction
(θr)
in
the Mystery A material.
(Again, remember to ignore the reflected ray back into the
air
).
2.
Fill in the table below as you change the angle of incidence.
Angle of Incidence
(θi)
Angle of
refraction
(θr)
Sin θi
Sin θr
10°
4
°
0.17
0.07
20°
8
°
0.34
0.14
30°
11
°
0.5
0.19
40°
15
°
0.64
0.26
50°
19
°
0.77
0.32
60°
21
°
0.86
0.36
70°
23
°
0.94
0.39
80°
24
°
0.98
0.41
2
F Espinoza-Wave Motion
3.
For each angle determine the value of
its sine function
from your calculator, or a table of
trigonometric functions (widely available online).
4.
Plot the data so that the values for
Sin θr
are along the x-axis (the horizontal), and those
of Sin θi are along the vertical.
(An example graph is included in the following figure)
5. Determine the slope of the line formed by the points; this is the experimentally determined
index of refraction of the Mystery A material (n
exp
).
Answer: Slope = 2.3557
6.
Find the % error (n
th
in the formula for % error is the standard value [
] for the index of
refraction of Mystery A material, which will be given later).
% error =
¿
nth.– n
exp
.
nth.
¿
x 100
2.42
% error = 2.48%
7. Repeat the procedure for the Mystery B material
3
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