Lesson 14

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© 2020 UMass Amherst UWW. All rights reserved. ECE 568 Computer Architecture Lesson 14 Tournament Predictors and Branch Target Buffer
Prior Learning • Patterson, Chapter 3 and Appendix C • Static predictions • Dynamic prediction (local and global) • 1 & 2-bit dynamic branch prediction schemes • Correlating branch prediction • Branch history table Lesson 14 © 2020 UMass Amherst UWW. All rights reserved. 2
Rationale • Using local and global predictors in parallel (tournament predictor) • Comparing the accuracy of branch predictor • Adding a branch target buffer or cache • Predicated execution and return from subroutine Lesson 14 © 2020 UMass Amherst UWW. All rights reserved. 3
Objectives • Analyze characteristics of tournament predictors • Evaluate accuracy of branch prediction • Explore branch target cache and buffer • Explore predicated execution • Analyze pitfalls of branch prediction Lesson 14 © 2020 UMass Amherst UWW. All rights reserved. 4
Tournament Predictors • Some branches need only local information while others can benefit from global information. • Tournament predictors: use two predictors, 1 based on global information and 1 based on local information, and combine with a selector • Hopes to select right predictor for right branch (or right context of branch) Lesson 14 © 2020 UMass Amherst UWW. All rights reserved. 5
Tournament Predictor in Alpha 21264 • The system computes both a local predictor and a global one. • Then the selector decides which predictor to use based on which is currently doing better (gave the better result the last two times). • The selector uses one of 4096 finite state machines (FSM) each with 4 states. • Based on the results of the last branch decision it transitions between states. • The current state indicates which (global or local) predictor to use. • Based on the last 12 branches, a 12-bit pattern is generated as follows • 12-bit pattern: ith bit is 0 => ith prior branch not taken; ith bit is 1 => ith prior branch taken; • This 12 bit pattern is used as an address into the 4K table of FSMs. Lesson 14 © 2020 UMass Amherst UWW. All rights reserved. 6
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