EET310_Lab2_Charles Haskett

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Dec 6, 2023

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EET310 Circuit Analysis Instructor: Neeta Tivare Lab 2 Thevenin’s Theorem Student Name: Charles Haskett Honor Pledge: I pledge to support the Honor System of ECPI. I will refrain from any form of academic dishonesty or deception, such as cheating or plagiarism. I am aware that as a member of the academic community, it is my responsibility to turn in all suspected violators of the honor code. I understand that any failure on my part to support the Honor System will be turned over to a Judicial Review Board for determination. I will report to the Judicial Review Board hearing if summoned.

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3 Table of Contents ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................................ 3 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................... 3 PROCEDURE ............................................................................................................................................. 4 Part I: Design a multisource circuit in Multisim ....................................................................................... 4 Part II: Remove R L from the circuit” ......................................................................................................... 4 Part III: Measure the R TH and V TH of the circuit ......................................................................................... 5 Part IV: Draw Thevenin’s equivalent Circuit with the V TH and R TH values .................................................. 5 Part V: Maximum Power Transfer Theorem ............................................................................................. 5 ANALYSIS & RESULTS ............................................................................................................................ 6 Calculations ............................................................................................................................................. 6 Questions ................................................................................................................................................. 6 Figures ..................................................................................................................................................... 7 CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................................................... 9 REFERENCES .......................................................................................................................................... 10

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4 ABSTRACT In this lab the student will use the Multisim software to verify their calculations of Thevenin’s theorem. The student will calculate the V TH (voltage) and R TH (resistance) of a complex circuit. The student will then draw the Thevenin’s equivalent circuit with the calculated voltage source in series with the resistance of the circuit. The student will also state what condition will be required to have maximum power transfer from the power source to the R L . I NTRODUCTION Thevenin’s theorem is used to simplify complex circuits into what is known as Thevenin’s equivalent circuit. The theorem takes all of the sources and components in a circuit between two points where the load will be placed and condenses it down to one power source in series with the resistance of the internal circuit. There are five steps to calculating the V TH and R TH of Thevenin’s equivalent circuit. The first step is to remove the RL, then short (voltage) or open (current) source of the circuit. While keeping points A and B intact calculate the series-parallel resistors in the circuit to obtain the resistance of the circuit. Replace the source and calculate the voltage or current. Once you have the source and the resistance of the circuit you can then draw Thevenin’s equivalent circuit by placing the power source with the calculated or measured voltage in series with the calculated or measured resistance of the circuit.

5 PROCEDURE Components needed: 1. Multisim Part I: Design a multisource circuit in Multisim 1. Construct the circuit show in Figure1. Figure 1: Complex Circuit. Part II: Remove R L from the circuit” 1. Remove the 1kΩ resistive load between the points A and B and short the 10V voltage source, as shown in Figure2. Figure 2: Complex Circuit with RL Removed and V S Shorted. 2. Calculate the R TH of the circuit by using the Series-Parallel Resistor formula. Ensure that you keep Points A and B intact, Do not merger the points in your calculations.

6 3. Calculate the V TH using Ohm’s Law. Part III: Measure the R TH and V TH of the circuit 1. In Multisim connect a Digital Multimeter (DMM) to the circuit in Figure 3 to measure the R TH of the circuit and verify your calculations. Figure 3: Circuit Setup for Measuring of R TH . 2. In Multisim connect a Digital Multimeter (DMM) to the circuit in Figure 4 to measure the V TH of the circuit and verify your calculations. Figure 4: Circuit Setup for Measuring V TH . Part IV: Draw Thevenin’s equivalent Circuit with the V TH and R TH values 1. Draw Thevenin’s equivalent circuit using the calculated values for V TH and R TH . Part V: Maximum Power Transfer Theorem 1. State the maximum power transfer theorem. 2. Write the value of the R L need for maximum power to be transferred from the source to the R L .

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7 ANALYSIS & RESULTS Calculations R TH = ((R 2 + R 3 ) || R 1 ) + R 4 R TH = ((470Ω + 220Ω) || 1000Ω) + 1000Ω R TH = (690Ω || 1000Ω) + 1000Ω R TH = 408Ω + 1000Ω R TH = 1408Ω = 1.408kΩ I = V/R T I = 10V/(1000Ω + 470Ω + 220Ω) I = 10V/1690Ω I = 5.92 mA V TH = I(R 2 + R 3 ) V TH = (5.92mA) (470Ω + 220Ω) V TH = (5.92mA) (690Ω) V TH = 4.08V Questions Part V Step 1: Maximum power transfer from the source to the load resistance is equal to the internal source resistance. Part V Step 2 Maximum Power Transfer = R L = R TH = 1.408kΩ

8 Figures Figure 5: Measured R TH of Circuit Figure 6: Measured V TH of Circuit

9 Figure 7: Thevenin’s Equivalent Circuit with Calculated V TH and R TH Values.

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10 CONCLUSION In this lab I used Thevenin’s theorem to calculate the R TH and V TH of the circuit. I started with the calculation of the R TH by removing the R L and shorting the V S of the circuit. I then calculated the resistance of the circuit using R 1 + R 2 …. for the resistors in series and 1/(1/R 1 + 1/R 2 ) for the resistors in parallel. After I had the resistance of the circuit, I removed the zero voltage drop resistors from the circuit and calculated the R T of the circuit using the R 1 + R 2 + R 3 formula. Once I had the R T I used Ohm’s Law (I = V/R T ) formula to calculate the current of the circuit. After I had the current I again used Ohm’s Law (V = IR T ) formula to calculate the V TH of the circuit. Once I had the RTH and the VTH of the circuit I drew the Thevenin’s equivalent circuit by placing my calculated V TH source in series with the R TH of the circuit.

11 REFERENCES Floyd, T. L. Principles of Electric Circuits. [VitalSource Bookshelf]. Retrieved from https://bookshelf.vitalsource.com/#/books/9780134880068/ (2017) National Instruments Multisim (V 14.1) [Windows]. Retrieved from http://www.ni.com/multisim/