A Diving Response On Aquatic Mammals And Birds Essay

Introduction: In this experiment, cardiovascular fitness is being determined by measuring how long it takes for the test subjects' to return to their resting heart rate. Cardiovascular fitness is the ability to "transport and use oxygen while exercising" (Dale 2015). Cardiovascular fitness utilizes the "heart, lungs, muscles, and blood working together" while exercising (Dale 2015). It is also how well your body can last during moderate to high intensity cardio for long periods of time (Waehner 2016). The hypothesis is that people who exercise for three or more days will return to their resting heart rate much faster than people who only exercise for less than three days.

This experiment was carried out as noted about in Procedure 1. The resting heart rate was established and used as a baseline value from which to compare all future deviations. While data could

Moreover, Gooden (1994) describes apnea as an essential element to the diving reflex; it ensures not only the prevention of water inhalation, but also acts as an energy-saving device through decreasing nerve stimulation to the diaphragm and intercostals. Therefore, heart rate will be monitored under both experimental conditions and compared to the resting rate and apneic-resting rate. As a profound autonomic phenomenon, further establishment of the diving reflex in humans will shed light on the preservation of the reflex and its role in the survival during ‘near-drowning’ experiences. Only by examining the physiological response in humans can we appreciate the evolutionary significance of this innate neural circuitry.

The dive response is known more popularly as a mammalian dive reflex. It is a survival mechanism built into mammal’s bodies, essentially. Over the years, scientists have been determined to find what triggers mammals to have a decreased heart rate when submerged under water allowing them to stay under the water longer when they do not typically live under water.

Before the exercise the breathing decreased when I was counting how many breaths I can take in a minute. However whilst breathing, my breathing rate was not normal but it was essential for me to keep the results reliable.

The heart rates of participants was tested before the step test, one minute, two minutes, and three minutes after the step test was performed in this experiment. Since heart rate increases while someone is performing physical activity, it was expected that heart rates of the students would be higher than before the step

The researchers addressed known influential factors verbally, but not all factors were controlled during the experiment. For example, time of day, the white coat effect along with respirations and heart rate were not addressed in the results.

Benson (1993) defines the relaxation response as a decrease in heart rate and breathing and, on occasion, a decrease in blood pressure. The relaxation response can be elicited only after a short amount of time, 20 to 50 minutes. Once a person is taught the relaxation techniques, such as progressive muscle relaxation, clinical meditation, or Benson’s relaxation response, heart rate and breathing rate can be lowered. Baseline heart rate can even be lowered after practicing relaxation techniques for several weeks (Pal, Ganesh, Karhik, Nanda, and Pal 2014).

It was one of those stupid charity things. The carnival had just gone past and a

Aims - This study is to ascertain, if there is an effect on heart rate after exercise. This is being done to see, if there is a difference between resting heart rate and heart rate after performing exercise.

The effects of exercise on blood pressure, heart rate, respiration rate and electrical activity of the heart were assessed. The measurements of respiration rate, pulse rate and blood pressures were noted as described in Harris-Haller (2016). Data was first taken from subjects in a relaxed position and then followed by sets of reading after exercising based on one minute intervals. The data also noted sitting ECG traces from Harris-Haller (2016). The respiratory rate, pulse, blood pressure, P wave, QRS complex and T wave were defined for each subject. The class average was calculated for males and females and graphed to illustrate the results by gender for each cardiopulmonary factor.

After comparing all the fish nutrients the scientists determined that captive dolphins can acquire adequate nutrition if they are fed a combination of capelin and herring. This table represents the chemical profile of their diet through fish. By feeding both of these fish to the dolphins it will ensure that they are getting balanced water, protein, and fat content.

As the intensity of exercise increased, so did the rates of the heart and breathing. After a small period of rest, the heart rate and breathing rate both decreased to a point close to their resting rate. This proved the stated hypothesis. First, the hearts average resting rate was recorded to be 76 bpm. The heart is therefore transporting oxygen and removing carbon dioxide at a reasonably steady rate via the blood. During the low intensity exercise (Slow 20) the heart rate increases to 107 bpm, which further increases to 130bpm at a higher intensity level (Fast 20). The heart therefore needs to beat faster to increase the speed at which oxygen is carried to the cells and the rate at which carbon dioxide is taken away by the blood.

To start off the experiment, a baseline was needed in order to be able to compare the different variables through out the experiment. The subject was instructed to sit and relax quietly while the blood pressure cuff and pulse plethysmograph were placed properly. After the blood pressure was taken and analyzed, it was found that the subject’s blood pressure was 122/64 mm Hg and a pulse rate of 60 bpm. Now that the baseline was obtained, continuing with the changing variables could take place. Starting with the variable of postural changes, the subject first reclined for three minutes. After the two minutes, the

We decided to measure the subject’s pulse and respiratory rates whilst sitting down because there would be no additional stress on their heart, which would increase their heart rate. Their heart rate should also return to its resting heart rate due to the decrease of muscle use.